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Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

2003/01/01 by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. MacKenzie, Scott MacKenzie +3 · 78,306 citations
Decision Sciences · Neuroscience · Psychology · #Artificial intelligence #Behavioral Health and Interventions #Behavioral and Psychological Studies #Behavioural sciences #Cognition #Cognitive bias #Cognitive psychology #Computer science #Control (management) #Management science #Neuroscience #Psychology #Psychometric Methodologies and Testing #Psychotherapist

paper · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

published in Journal of Applied Psychology 88(5), 879-903 (American Psychological Association)

openalex publication_date 2003/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.

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