Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies

2013/04/29 by John Kormendy, Luis C. Ho · 407 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Bulge #Dark matter #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Galaxy #Galaxy formation and evolution #Globular cluster #Halo #Supermassive black hole #Velocity dispersion #astro-ph.CO

paper · pdf · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811

136 pages, 38 postscript figures, 4 tables; requires cittable.tex, psfig.tex, annrev4K-E.tex; accepted for publication in Volume 51 (2013) of Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Supplementary Information will be submitted to arXiv separately in approximately 2013 June

arxiv created 2013/04/29 · openalex publication_date 2013/08/18 · arxiv updated 2015/06/15 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06

Abstract

Supermassive black holes (BHs) have been found in 85 galaxies by dynamical modeling of spatially resolved kinematics. The Hubble Space Telescope revolutionized BH research by advancing the subject from its proof-of-concept phase into quantitative studies of BH demographics. Most influential was the discovery of a tight correlation between BH mass [Formula: see text] and the velocity dispersion σ of the bulge component of the host galaxy. Together with similar correlations with bulge luminosity and mass, this led to the widespread belief that BHs and bulges coevolve by regulating each other's growth. Conclusions based on one set of correlations from [Formula: see text] in brightest cluster ellipticals to [Formula: see text] in the smallest galaxies dominated BH work for more than a decade. New results are now replacing this simple story with a richer and more plausible picture in which BHs correlate differently with different galaxy components. A reasonable aim is to use this progress to refine our understanding of BH-galaxy coevolution. BHs with masses of 10 5 −10 6 M ⊙ are found in many bulgeless galaxies. Therefore, classical (elliptical-galaxy-like) bulges are not necessary for BH formation. On the other hand, although they live in galaxy disks, BHs do not correlate with galaxy disks. Also, any [Formula: see text] correlations with the properties of disk-grown pseudobulges and dark matter halos are weak enough to imply no close coevolution. The above and other correlations of host-galaxy parameters with each other and with [Formula: see text] suggest that there are four regimes of BH feedback. (1) Local, secular, episodic, and stochastic feeding of small BHs in largely bulgeless galaxies involves too little energy to result in coevolution. (2) Global feeding in major, wet galaxy mergers rapidly grows giant BHs in short-duration, quasar-like events whose energy feedback does affect galaxy evolution. The resulting hosts are classical bulges and coreless-rotating-disky ellipticals. (3) After these AGN phases and at the highest galaxy masses, maintenance-mode BH feedback into X-ray-emitting gas has the primarily negative effect of helping to keep baryons locked up in hot gas and thereby keeping galaxy formation from going to completion. This happens in giant, core-nonrotating-boxy ellipticals. Their properties, including their tight correlations between [Formula: see text] and core parameters, support the conclusion that core ellipticals form by dissipationless major mergers. They inherit coevolution effects from smaller progenitor galaxies. Also, (4) independent of any feedback physics, in BH growth modes 2 and 3, the averaging that results from successive mergers plays a major role in decreasing the scatter in [Formula: see text] correlations from the large values observed in bulgeless and pseudobulge galaxies to the small values observed in giant elliptical galaxies.

Citations

• Observational Evidence of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback
• STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
• The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)

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• Active Galactic Nuclei with Ultrafast Outflows Monitoring Project: The Broad-line Region of Mrk 79 as a Disk Wind
• X-shaped Radio Galaxies: Optical Properties, Large-scale Environment, and Relationship to Radio Structure
• Resolving the Complex Evolution of a Supermassive Black Hole Triplet in a Cosmological Simulation
• Correlated time variability of multicomponent high-velocity outflows in J162122.54+075808.4
• A Likely Supermassive Black Hole Revealed by Its Einstein Radius in Hubble Frontier Fields Images
• REVERBERATION MAPPING WITH INTERMEDIATE-BAND PHOTOMETRY: DETECTION OF BROAD-LINE Hα TIME LAGS FOR QUASARS AT 0.2 < z < 0.4
• Cosmic Distributions of Stellar Tidal Disruptions by Massive Black Holes at Galactic Centers
• Numerical simulations of AGN wind feedback on black hole accretion: probing down to scales within the sphere of influence
• ALMA Observations of Quasar Host Galaxies at z ≃ 4.8
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• AGN must be very efficient at powering outflows
• Globular clusters as the relics of regular star formation in ‘normal’ high-redshift galaxies
• Black Hole Growth in Disk Galaxies Mediated by the Secular Evolution of Short Bars
• Measuring the giant radio galaxy length distribution with the LoTSS
• Infrared Echoes of Optical Tidal Disruption Events: ∼1% Dust-covering Factor or Less at Subparsec Scale
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Hyperluminous, Hot Dust-obscured Galaxy W2246–0526
• Dust-obscured Galaxies with Broken Power-law Spectral Energy Distributions Discovered by UNIONS
• A method for determining AGN accretion phase in field galaxies
• THE PREVALENCE OF GAS OUTFLOWS IN TYPE 2 AGNs. II. 3D BICONICAL OUTFLOW MODELS
• Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for the binary candidate quasar PG1302-102 with multiband Swift data
• The Diverse Morphologies and Structures of Dwarf Galaxies Hosting Optically Selected Active Massive Black Holes
• The XMM deep survey in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Study of central light concentration in nearby galaxies
• Near-IR Spectroscopy of Luminous LoBAL Quasars at 1 < z < 2.5
• Nuclear X-Ray Activity in Low-surface-brightness Galaxies: Prospects for Constraining the Local Black Hole Occupation Fraction with a Chandra Successor Mission
• The Effect of Star–Disk Interactions on Highly Eccentric Stellar Orbits in Active Galactic Nuclei: A Disk Loss Cone and Implications for Stellar Tidal Disruption Events
• AGN Selection Methods Have Profound Impacts on the Distributions of Host-galaxy Properties
• Quasar Photometric Redshifts and Candidate Selection: A New Algorithm Based on Optical and Mid-infrared Photometric Data
• X-ray observations of dust obscured galaxies in theChandradeep field south
• MEGAMASER DISKS REVEAL A BROAD DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK HOLE MASS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES
• Seeking observational evidence for the formation of trapping horizons in astrophysical black holes
• The radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342 in a galaxy merger
• What has quenched the massive spiral galaxies?
• Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
• Detection of a double-peaked H α component from the accretion disc of NGC 4958
• Improved selection of extremely red quasars with boxy C iv lines in BOSS
• Binary Stars Approaching Supermassive Black Holes: Hydrodynamics of Stellar Collisions, Mass Fallback and Partial TDEs
• The secular tidal disruption of stars by low-mass Supermassive Black Holes secondaries in galactic nuclei
• Clump-fed black hole growth in the first billion years of the universe
• Studying the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission-line width in a sample of ∼ 80 local active galaxies: a surrogate for σ⋆?
• Imaging extended emission-line regions of obscured AGN with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• A population of short-period variable quasars from PTF as supermassive black hole binary candidates
• Direct evidence of AGN feedback: a post-starburst galaxy stripped of its gas by AGN-driven winds
• SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF GALAXIES IN VOID REGIONS
• THE SPATIAL CLUSTERING OFROSATALL-SKY SURVEY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. IV. MORE MASSIVE BLACK HOLES RESIDE IN MORE MASSIVE DARK MATTER HALOS
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample
• Comparing simple quasar demographics models
• A Search for Wandering Black Holes in the Milky Way with Gaia and DECaLS
• Forming Circumnuclear Disks and Rings in Galactic Nuclei: A Competition Between Supermassive Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster
• Super-Eddington growth of the first black holes
• Tidal Disruption Flares from Stars on Marginally Bound and Unbound Orbits
• Interrogating Seyferts with NebulaBayes: Spatially Probing the Narrow-line Region Radiation Fields and Chemical Abundances
• Spectral Properties of Quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14: The Catalog
• The [O iii] Profiles of Infrared-selected Active Galactic Nuclei: More Powerful Outflows in the Obscured Population
• THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION IN LOW-MASS GALAXIES
• WISDOM project – VII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052
• Variability and the Size–Luminosity Relation of the Intermediate-mass AGN in NGC 4395
• Spatially Resolved BPT Mapping of Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxies
• On the rotation of nuclear star clusters formed by cluster inspirals
• A unifying evolutionary framework for infrared-selected obscured and unobscured quasar host haloes
• From Nearby Low Luminosity AGN to High Redshift Radio Galaxies: Science Interests with Square Kilometre Array
• Observing Supermassive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time: From Phenomenology to Physics
• The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties
• A full characterization of the supermassive black hole in IRAS 09149–6206
• MACER Improved: AGN Feedback Computed in Rotating Early-type Galaxies at High Resolution
• Black Hole Accretion Correlates with Star Formation Rate and Star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Luminous Type 1 Active Galaxies
• Stochastic Processes as the Origin of the Double Power-law Shape of the Quasar Luminosity Function
• Impact of gas-based seeding on supermassive black hole populations at z ≥ 7
• Dusty Gas Accretion onto Massive Black Holes and Infrared Diagnosis of the Eddington Ratio
• A parsec-scale radio jet launched by the central intermediate-mass black hole in the dwarf galaxy SDSS J090613.77+561015.2
• Cospatial Star Formation and Supermassive Black Hole Growth in z ∼ 3 Galaxies: Evidence for In Situ Co-evolution
• VLT/X-Shooter Survey of BAL Quasars: Large Distance Scale and AGN Feedback
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accretion flows onto spinning massive black hole binary mergers
• The Interstellar Medium Properties of Heavily Reddened Quasars & Companions at z ∼ 2.5 with ALMA & JVLA
• A Systematic Search for Dual AGNs in Merging Galaxies (Astro-daring): III: Results from the SDSS Spectroscopic Surveys
• AGN anisotropic radiative feedback set by black hole spin
• Star Formation in Massive Galaxies at Redshift z ∼ 0.5
• Galaxy‐scale AGN feedback – theory
• Gravitational lensing by black holes in Einstein quartic gravity
• OUTFLOW AND METALLICITY IN THE BROAD-LINE REGION OF LOW-REDSHIFT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
• Observational evidence that positive and negative AGN feedback depends on galaxy mass and jet power
• On the Prevalence of Supermassive Black Holes over Cosmic Time
• TOWARD PRECISION SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE MASSES USING MEGAMASER DISKS
• The KMOS3D Survey: Demographics and Properties of Galactic Outflows at z = 0.6–2.7*
• Incidence, scaling relations and physical conditions of ionized gas outflows in MaNGA
• MULTI-EPOCH SPECTROSCOPY OF DWARF GALAXIES WITH AGN SIGNATURES: IDENTIFYING SOURCES WITH PERSISTENT BROAD Hα EMISSION
• IGR J12580+0134: The Nearest Tidal Disruption Event and its Faint Resurrection
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Extended [O iii]λ 5007 Emission in Nearby QSO2s: New Constraints on AGN Host Galaxy Interaction
• VLASS tidal disruption events with optical flares II: discovery of two TDEs with intermediate width Balmer emission lines and connections to the ambiguous extreme coronal line emitters
• Revealing the Accretion Physics of Supermassive Black Holes at Redshift z ∼ 7 with Chandra and Infrared Observations
• Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA: The PUMA project
• Long-term Evolution of the Short-term X-Ray Variability of the Jetted TDE Swift J1644+57
• THE BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXY IN A85: THE LARGEST CORE KNOWN SO FAR
• The continuous rise of bulges out of galactic disks
• Cross-checking SMBH mass estimates in NGC 6958 – I. Stellar dynamics from adaptive optics-assisted MUSE observations
• Tracking the assembly of supermassive black holes: a comparison of diverse models across cosmic time
• BOOSTED TIDAL DISRUPTION BY MASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARIES DURING GALAXY MERGERS FROM THE VIEW OF N-BODY SIMULATION
• A quartet of black holes and a missing duo: probing the low end of the MBH–σ relation with the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy
• Unveiling faint X-ray AGN populations in the NewAthena era: Insights from cosmological simulations
• Massive Black Hole Seed Formation in Strong X-ray Environments at High Redshift
• Physical properties of the CDFS X-ray sources through fitting spectral energy distributions
• Counting Little Red Dots at z<4 with Ground-based Surveys and Spectroscopic Follow-up
• Massive Black Hole Merger Rates: The Effect of Kiloparsec Separation Wandering and Supernova Feedback
• Suzaku Observations of Heavily Obscured (Compton-thick) Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/BAT Hard X-Ray Survey
• Application of an X-Ray Clumpy Torus Model (XCLUMPY) to 10 Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with Suzaku and NuSTAR
• MACER3D -- an upgrade of MACER2D with enhanced subgrid models and gas physics -- and its application to simulating AGN feedback in a massive elliptical galaxy

Related

• The Coevolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• Monsters at the Heart of Galaxy Formation
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Supplemental Material
• Supermassive Black Holes in Disk Galaxies
• Diverse pathways for supermassive black hole-galaxy coevolution