2016/06/30 by Hyun-Jin Bae, Hyun‐Jin Bae, Jong-Hak Woo · 85 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics #Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies #Dispersion (optics) #Extinction (optical mineralogy) #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Galaxy #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Geometry #Line (geometry) #Meteorology #Monte Carlo method #Optics #Outflow #Physics #Velocity dispersion #astro-ph.GA
paper · pdf · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/828/2/97
published in The Astrophysical Journal 828(2), 97 (IOP Publishing) · 14 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables; matched with the ApJ published version
openalex publication_date 2016/09/08 · arxiv created 2016/09/19 · arxiv updated 2016/09/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
ABSTRACT We present 3D models of biconical outflows combined with a thin dust plane for investigating the physical properties of the ionized gas outflows and their effect on the observed gas kinematics in type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using a set of input parameters, we construct a number of models in 3D and calculate the spatially integrated velocity and velocity dispersion for each model. We find that three primary parameters, i.e., intrinsic velocity, bicone inclination, and the amount of dust extinction, mainly determine the simulated velocity and velocity dispersion. Velocity dispersion increases as the intrinsic velocity or the bicone inclination increases, while velocity (i.e., velocity shifts with respect to systemic velocity) increases as the amount of dust extinction increases. Simulated emission-line profiles well reproduce the observed [O iii ] line profiles, e.g., narrow core and broad wing components. By comparing model grids and Monte Carlo simulations with the observed [O iii ] velocity–velocity dispersion distribution of ∼39,000 type 2 AGNs, we constrain the intrinsic velocity of gas outflows ranging from ∼500 to ∼1000 km s −1 for the majority of AGNs, and up to ∼1500–2000 km s −1 for extreme cases. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the number ratio of AGNs with negative [O iii ] velocity to AGNs with positive [O iii ] velocity correlates with the outflow opening angle, suggesting that outflows with higher intrinsic velocity tend to have wider opening angles. These results demonstrate the potential of our 3D models for studying the physical properties of gas outflows, applicable to various observations, including spatially integrated and resolved gas kinematics.