2021/11/02 by Sabine Thater, Davor Krajnović, Peter M. Weilbacher +11
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Astrophysics #Dark matter #Dark matter halo #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Galaxy #Halo #Milky Way #Physics #Sigma #Stellar kinematics #Supermassive black hole #astro-ph.GA
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3210
published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509(4), 5416-5436 (Oxford University Press) · Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 21 pages, 18 Figures (Including Appendix). Supplementary information is added at the end of the file (3 pages)
arxiv created 2021/11/02 · openalex publication_date 2021/11/05 · arxiv updated 2021/11/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
ABSTRACT Supermassive black hole masses (MBH) can dynamically be estimated with various methods and using different kinematic tracers. Different methods have only been cross-checked for a small number of galaxies and often show discrepancies. To understand these discrepancies, detailed cross-comparisons of additional galaxies are needed. We present the first part of our cross-comparison between stellar- and gas-based MBH estimates in the nearby fast-rotating early-type galaxy NGC 6958. The measurements presented here are based on ground-layer adaptive optics-assisted Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) science verification data at around 0.′′6 spatial resolution. The spatial resolution is a key ingredient for the measurement and we provide a Gaussian parametrization of the adaptive optics-assisted point spread function for various wavelengths. From the MUSE data, we extracted the stellar kinematics and constructed dynamical models. Using an axisymmetric Schwarzschild technique, we measured an MBH of (3.6+2.7-2.4) × 108 M⊙ at 3σ significance taking kinematical and dynamical systematics (e.g. radially varying mass-to-light ratio) into account. We also added a dark halo, but our data do not allow us to constrain the dark matter fraction. Adding dark matter with an abundance matching prior results in a 25 per cent more massive black hole. Jeans anisotropic models return MBH of (4.6+2.5-2.7) × 108 and (8.6+0.8-0.8) × 108 M\odot at 3σ confidence for spherical and cylindrical alignments of the velocity ellipsoid, respectively. In a follow-up study, we will compare the stellar-based MBH with those from cold and warm gas tracers, which will provide additional constraints for the MBH for NGC 6958, and insights into assumptions that lead to potential systematic uncertainty.