2025/10/18 by Ziyong Wu, Renyue Cen, Wu, Ziyong +3
Physics and Astronomy · #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.16532
Utilizing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations we show that there is a brief super-Eddington accretion phase in typical halos at high redshift, impervious to AGN self-regulation. However, once having attained a black hole mass of 104-105\msun, AGN feedback process can self-regulate to guide the SMBHs to grow at a significantly slower, sub-Eddington rate. By redshift z∼ 10 the black hole mass with an initial super-Eddington jump-start is caught up by that in the case with a steady Eddington limited case. Thus a continuous Eddington limit case represents the fastest possible route to maximally grow SMBHs. To account for the observed z=7-10 quasars with supermassive black holes of billions of solar masses, our analysis establishes firmer ground for the need of seed masses of 104-105\msun that are not grown via an earlier super-Eddington phase.