CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP

1985/07/01 by Joseph Felsenstein · 41,575 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Computer Science · Mathematics · #Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models #Biology #Confidence interval #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #Evolutionary biology #Statistics #Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics

paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x

published in Evolution 39(4), 783-791 (Oxford University Press)

openalex publication_date 1985/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

The recently-developed statistical method known as the "bootstrap" can be used to place confidence intervals on phylogenies. It involves resampling points from one's own data, with replacement, to create a series of bootstrap samples of the same size as the original data. Each of these is analyzed, and the variation among the resulting estimates taken to indicate the size of the error involved in making estimates from the original data. In the case of phylogenies, it is argued that the proper method of resampling is to keep all of the original species while sampling characters with replacement, under the assumption that the characters have been independently drawn by the systematist and have evolved independently. Majority-rule consensus trees can be used to construct a phylogeny showing all of the inferred monophyletic groups that occurred in a majority of the bootstrap samples. If a group shows up 95% of the time or more, the evidence for it is taken to be statistically significant. Existing computer programs can be used to analyze different bootstrap samples by using weights on the characters, the weight of a character being how many times it was drawn in bootstrap sampling. When all characters are perfectly compatible, as envisioned by Hennig, bootstrap sampling becomes unnecessary; the bootstrap method would show significant evidence for a group if it is defined by three or more characters.

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• piqtree: a python package for seamless phylogenetic inference with IQ-TREE
• ITS2 and 18S rRNA gene sequence-structure phylogeny of the Haptophyta (Haptista)
• Indosasa fimbriligulata (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Guangxi, China
• Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
• Novel implications for the basal internal relationships of Gastrotricha revealed by an analysis of morphological characters
• Robust State-space Reconstruction of Brain Dynamics via Bootstrap Monte Carlo SSA
• Pestalotiopsis revisited
• Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Nuclear Test Effects and Geologic Data Bank
• Widespread occurrence of natural genetic transformation of plants by Agrobacterium
• Parsimony analysis of phylogenomic datasets (I): scripts and guidelines for using TNT (Tree Analysis using New Technology)
• Small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from representatives of selected families of the Gigartinales and Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). 1. Evidence for the Plocamiales ord.nov.
• HIPSTR: highest independent posterior subtree reconstruction in TreeAnnotator X
• A rapid diversification of rainforest trees (Guatteria; Annonaceae) following dispersal from Central into South America
• Evolution of alternative male morphotypes in oxyurid nematodes: a case of convergence?
• Molecular detection of Bartonella in fleas (Hexapoda, Siphonaptera) collected from wild rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Argentina
• The phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the Chelicerata
• Revising dating estimates and the antiquity of eusociality in termites using the fossilized birth–death process
• Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
• Systematics of the dung beetle tribe Sisyphini Mulsant (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) inferred from a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of southern African species
• Frogs at the summits: phylogeny of the Andean frogs of the genus Telmatobius (Anura, Telmatobiidae) based on phenotypic characters
• Evolution of Highly Repetitive Silk Genes in the Luna Moth, Actias luna
• Investigating soil and ATCC bacterial strains for their ability to synthesize anisotropic gold nanoparticles
• Phylogeny, divergence time and historical biogeography of Hyphoderma (Hyphodermataceae, Polyporales): Introducing five new species from China
• Integrative taxonomy supports DNA barcoding in revealing an abundant cryptic species in the United States Coastal Plain
• Species diversity of Derxomyces (Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales) in China, with descriptions of two new species
• Leveraging Weighted Quartet Distributions for Enhanced Species Tree Inference from Genome-Wide Data
• Application of nonspecific commercial AMF inocula results in poor mycorrhization in Camellia japonica L.
• W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis
• Biogeography of the Gondwanan tree fern family Dicksoniaceae—A tale of vicariance, dispersal and extinction
• Weighted parsimony outperforms other methods of phylogenetic inference under models appropriate for morphology
• Evolutionary history of the snooks: Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the genus Centropomus
• Phylogenetic systematics of the Gondwanan nephilid spider lineage Clitaetrinae (Araneae, Nephilidae)
• Multiple tools to investigate the origin of the exotic species Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ( W albaum, 1792) ( S almonidae) in the world's largest chocked coastal lagoon
• Agarivorans sediminis sp. nov., an alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from sediment
• A new species of Goniurosaurus (Sauria, Gekkota, Eublepharidae) from Guangxi, China
• New discovery of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759) in cenote ecosystems of Yucatan, Mexico: Morphological and molecular insights
• Molecular strategies for identification and characterization of some wild edible mushrooms of Nagaland, India
• Identification of Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf spots on Cymbidium orchids in Taiwan
• Incorporating molecular data in fungal systematics: a guide for aspiring researchers
• An Approximately Unbiased Test of Phylogenetic Tree Selection
• Survey of Branch Support Methods Demonstrates Accuracy, Power, and Robustness of Fast Likelihood-based Approximation Schemes
• Resolving Rapid Radiations within Angiosperm Families Using Anchored Phylogenomics
• Lentipes ptasan , a new species of sicydiine goby (Teleostei: Gobioidei) from the Western Pacific, with a redescription of L. mindanaoensis
• Reticulation within Sporobolus: recognition of two new sections, Acinifolii and Thellungia, and a new genus, Hyalolemma (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Zoysieae, Sporobolinae)
• A new record and an evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships of Abrothrix olivaceus markhami (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)
• Genera and species in acetic acid bacteria
• Systematics and evolutionary history of butterflies in the “Taygetis clade” (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina): Towards a better understanding of Neotropical biogeography
• Molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan aquatic plant genus Limosella (Scrophulariaceae) with a particular focus on the origin of the Australasian L. curdieana
• First detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum associated with potato soft rot in Georgia
• Derris longiracemosa (Fabaceae), a new species from Thailand with extraordinary limestone adaptations and the longest inflorescences ever recorded
• Contributions of molecular and cranial specializations for sensory adaptation in the subterranean blind mole rats (Nannospalax xanthodon)
• A new genus and species of rodent from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with comments on oryzomyine biogeography
• Geographic and Phylogeographic Variation inChaerephon leucogaster(Chiroptera: Molossidae) of Madagascar and the Western Indian Ocean Islands of Mayotte and Pemba
• Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes
• Investigating the origin of transoceanic distributions: Mtdna showsMabuyalizards (Reptilia, Scincidae) crossed the Atlantic twice
• Glomus badium, a new sporocarpic mycorrhizal fungal species from European grasslands with higher soil pH
• Laying the foundations of evolutionary and systematic studies in crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera): a multilocus phylogenetic analysis
• Yeast diversity in traditional fermented foods of ethnic minorities in China, with the descriptions of four new yeast species
• Morphology and phylogeny of the parasitic nematode Mooleptus rabuka (Machida, Ogawa & Okiyama, 1982) (Rhabditida, Spirurina: Mooleptinae nom. nov.), with notes on taxonomy of the family Gnathostomatidae
• Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell
• Phylogenetic Position and Taxonomic Classification of Aethionema trinervium (Brassicaceae): A Morphologically Variable Subshrub from Southwestern Asia1
• A molecular systematic study of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Ulvales) from the northeast Pacific
• Taxonomic reassessment of Ulva prolifera (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on specimens from the type locality and Yellow Sea green tides
• Examination of species delimitation of ambiguous DNA-basedUlva(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) clades by culturing and hybridisation
• Acquisition of green algal photobionts enables both chlorolichens and chloro-cyanolichens to activate photosynthesis at low humidity without liquid water
• Genetic diversity and population structure of muscovy duck ( Cairina moschata ) from Nigeria
• Revisiting the taxonomic significance of aplanozygote morphologies of two cosmopolitan snow species of the genusChloromonas(Volvocales, Chlorophyceae)
• PARSIMONY JACKKNIFING OUTPERFORMS NEIGHBOR‐JOINING
• Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveals five new species of Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from China
• RNAi in Plants: An Argonaute-Centered View
• A Gain-of-Function Mutation ofArabidopsisLipid Transfer Protein 5 Disturbs Pollen Tube Tip Growth and Fertilization
• Synonymy of Pachyarthron compressum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) with Corallina officinalis and proposal for Corallina officinalis subsp. cretacea
• Morphological Phylogenetic Analysis of Basal Angiosperms: Comparison and Combination with Molecular Data
• Large multi-locus plastid phylogeny of the tribe Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) reveals ten major lineages and low rate of molecular divergence
• Multi-locus plastid phylogenetic biogeography supports the Asian hypothesis of the temperate woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
• Genomic organization of the glutathione S-transferase family in insects
• The Historical Biogeography of Fagaceae: Tracking the Tertiary History of Temperate and Subtropical Forests of the Northern Hemisphere
• Diversification of the Old World Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear and Chloroplast Data Sets and a Revised Classification
• Correlated Evolution of Leaf Shape and Physiology in the Woody Sonchus Alliance (Asteraceae: Sonchinae) in Macaronesia
• Phylogenetics of Dilleniaceae Using Sequence Data from Four Plastid Loci (rbcL,infA,rps4,rpl16Intron)
• Genetic diversity ofEchinaceaspecies based upon amplified fragment length polymorphism markers
• Phylogeny and species diversity of Armillaria in China based on morphological, mating test, and GCPSR criteria
• Five new species of Corybas (Diurideae, Orchidaceae) endemic to New Zealand and phylogeny of the Nematoceras clade
• Discovery and identification of a novel yeast species, Hanseniaspora drosophilae sp. nov., from Drosophila in Okinawa, Japan
• Three new species of the ‘ Geophagus’ brasiliensis species group from the northeast Brazil (Cichlidae, Geophagini)
• Evaluating strategies of phylogenetic analyses by the coherence of their results
• Identification of strains assigned to the genus Gluconobacter Asai 1935 based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions
• MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods
• Phylogenetic position of gastrostomobdellid leeches (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Erpobdelliformes) and a new family for the genus Orobdella
• Molecular diversity of the 5S rDNA units in theElymus dahuricuscomplex (Poaceae: Triticeae) supports the genomic constitution ofSt,Y, andHhaplomes
• Reconstructing the origins of praying mantises (Dictyoptera, Mantodea): the roles of Gondwanan vicariance and morphological convergence
• Phylogeny of the rust fungi: an approach using nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences
• Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Papaya in Trinidad
• Hemosporidian Parasites in Forest Birds from Venezuela: Genetic Lineage Analyses
• La tutela della "salubritas" fra editto e giurisprudenza. Il ruolo di Labeone: II - Cloache e salubrità dell'aria
• Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica (Synonym: Phyllactinia taurica ): A Global Challenge for Pepper Production
• Phylogenetic diversity and dietary association of rumen Treponema revealed using group-specific 16S rRNA gene-based analysis
• Systematic position of the Socorro mockingbird Mimodes graysoni
• Genetic Resources of Pinus cembra L. Marginal Populations from the Tatra Mountains: Implications for Conservation
• Morphological phylogeny of the Tegulinae (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) reinforces a Turbinidae position
• Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in the mucosa of chicken ceca and comparison with bacteria in the cecal lumen
• Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Psilorhynchus (Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes): Evidence from the mitochondrial genome
• Genus Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956 (Gastropoda, Conoidea): Morphological and molecular studies, with the description of five new species from the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia
• Description of Niveispirillum fermenti gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a fermentor in Taiwan, transfer of Azospirillum irakense (1989) as Niveispirillum irakense comb. nov., and reclassification of Azospirillum amazonense (1983) as Nitrospirillum amazonense gen. nov
• Bacillus lacisalsi sp. nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a saline–alkaline lake
• First report of the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys thaumasia in Türkiye and its biocontrol potential against Meloidogyne incognita
• A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data
• Molecular Phylogeny of the Fern Family Dryopteridaceae Inferred from ChloroplastrbcL andatpB Genes
• Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1
• Piroplasms in brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Namibia and South Africa are closely related to Babesia lengau
• The Phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and thetrnL/FRegion of Chloroplast DNA
• Speciation in the stonechat (Saxicola torquata) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome-b gene
• Phylogenetic relationships in Mediterranean and North Atlantic shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae) based on nucleotide sequences of mtDNA
• Molecular and morphological delineations of two homothallic monoicous species, Volvox sagami sp. nov . and V. ferrisii (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) in Japan
• Molecular resolution of the systematics of a problematic group of fishes (Teleostei: Osmeridae) and evidence for morphological homoplasy
• Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa
• PARALLEL RADIATIONS IN THE PRIMARY CLADES OF BIRDS
• A Molecular Phylogeny of the Pheasants and Partridges Suggests That These Lineages Are Not Monophyletic
• An integrated molecular and morphological study of the subfamily Suaedoideae Ulbr. (Chenopodiaceae)
• Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence
• Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales
• Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the piculets (Piciformes: Picumninae)
• Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)
• Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)
• The complete mitochondrial genome of the enigmatic bigheaded turtle (Platysternon): description of unusual genomic features and the reconciliation of phylogenetic hypotheses based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
• The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae)
• Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation
• Bayes or Bootstrap? A Simulation Study Comparing the Performance of Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling and Bootstrapping in Assessing Phylogenetic Confidence
• The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers
• Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae
• Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered Leiolopisma skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands
• Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family
• Phylogeny of the Side-Blotched Lizards (Phrynosomatidae:Uta) Based on mtDNA Sequences: Support for a Midpeninsular Seaway in Baja California
• Status and relationships of the extinct giant Canary Island lizard Gallotia goliath (Reptilia: Lacertidae), assessed using ancient mtDNA from its mummified remains
• Introduction of a Nuclear Marker for Phylogenetic Analysis of Nepenthaceae
• A molecular phylogeny of the Cephalaspideasensu lato(Gastropoda: Euthyneura): Architectibranchia redefined and Runcinacea reinstated
• Molecular phylogeny of treecreepers (Certhia) detects hidden diversity†
• Environmental kinetoplastid-like 18S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships among Trypanosomatidae: Paraphyly of the genus Trypanosoma
• A molecular phylogeny of African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean
• Patterns of evolution in Australian Mimulus and related genera (Phrymaceae~Scrophulariaceae): a molecular phylogeny using chloroplast and nuclear sequence data
• Environmentally caused dwarfism or a valid species—Is Testudo weissingeri Bour, 1996 a distinct evolutionary lineage? New evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear genomic markers
• A rangewide phylogeography of Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae): implications for taxonomy
• Phylogenetic relationships of butterflies of the tribe Acraeini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) and the evolution of host plant use
• Contrasting patterns of the 5S and 45S rDNA evolutions in the Byblis liniflora complex (Byblidaceae)
• Phylogeny of tremellomycetous yeasts and related dimorphic and filamentous basidiomycetes reconstructed from multiple gene sequence analyses
• The Mountain Holly (Nemopanthus mucronatus: Aquifoliaceae) Revisited with Molecular Data
• Integrative description of a new species of the genus Siphonorhinus Pocock, 1894 and first record of the family Siphonophoridae from India (Diplopoda: Siphonophorida)
• Population structure and evolutionary history of the greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) from the Guinean Forests of West Africa
• Reallocation of the magnificent catshark Proscyllium magnificumLast & Vongpanich, 2004 to the genus CtenacisCompagno, 1973 (Carcharhiniformes: Proscylliidae)
• A Glossary of DNA Barcoding Terms
• Molecular population genetics, phylogeography, and conservation biology of the mottled duck (Anas fulvigula)
• <i>Spencermartinsiella japonica</i> f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from biofilm in a reverse osmosis system
• Using genotype abundance to improve phylogenetic inference
• Sustained software development, not number of citations or journal choice, is indicative of accurate bioinformatic software
• HYPE: A Benchmark for Human eYe Perceptual Evaluation of Generative Models
• Soil ascomycetes from Spain. XIV. The Chaetomiaceae of La Palma (Canary Islands)
• Taxonomic and ecological significance of synnema-like structures/acanthophyses produced by <i>Physisporinus</i> (<i>Meripilaceae, Polyporales</i>) species
• A new water mite species of the genus Teutonia Koenike, 1889 from Corsica, France, based on morphological data and DNA barcodes (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Teutoniidae)
• Fast coalescent-based computation of local branch support from quartet frequencies
• A simple molecular identification method of theThrips tabaci(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cryptic species complex
• Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the Anaxyrus boreas species group
• Patterns of evolution in western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)
• Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma
• A Molecular Phylogeny of North American Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), with Implications for Floral and Photosynthetic Pathway Evolution
• Linnaeus was right all along:UlvaandEnteromorphaare not distinct genera
• Combined Morphological and Molecular Phylogeny of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales) and the Placement of the Ancient Rosid MacrofossilPaleoclusia
• Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Styracaceae
• Phylogenetic Systematics of the Genus <I>Mertensia</I> (Boraginaceae)
• Molecular phylogeny of Myricaceae: a reexamination of host–symbiont specificity
• Molecular systematics of New World suboscine birds
• Multigene phylogeny of the Old World mice, Murinae, reveals distinct geographic lineages and the declining utility of mitochondrial genes compared to nuclear genes
• Phylogeny of the sundews, Drosera (Droseraceae), based on chloroplast rbcL and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA Sequences
• Recent Progress in Understanding the Evolution of Carnivorous Lentibulariaceae (Lamiales)
• Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages
• Geographic origins and patterns of radiation of Mertensia (Boraginaceae)
• Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: Evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions
• Phylogeny of the Celastraceae Inferred from 26S Nuclear Ribosomal DNA, Phytochrome B, rbcL, atpB, and Morphology
• Functional characterization of a class III acid endochitinase from the traps of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus, Nepenthes
• Characterization and heterologous expression of a PR-1 protein from traps of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes mirabilis
• Genetic evidence for wild‐living Aspideretes nigricans and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae: Aspideretes, Nilssonia)
• Does the Arcto-Tertiary Biogeographic Hypothesis Explain the Disjunct Distribution of Northern Hemisphere Herbaceous Plants? The Case of Meehania (Lamiaceae)
• Molecular Phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. Based on MatK Sequences with Special Emphasis on Carnivorous Taxa
• Geoemyda silvatica, an enigmatic turtle of the Geoemydidae (Reptilia: Testudines), represents a distinct genus
• Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
• Molecular divergence within the Oryzomys palustris complex: evidence for multiple species
• Phylogenetics and biogeography of Nephrolepis - a tale of old settlers and young tramps
• Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics
• The new family Diapheridae, a new species ofDiapheraAlbers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)
• Phylogeny of Laniarius: Molecular data reveal L. liberatus synonymous with L. erlangeri and “plumage coloration” as unreliable morphological characters for defining species and species groups
• Gelsemiaceae (Gentianales) expanded to include the enigmatic Asian genusPteleocarpa
• A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE DOVE GENERA STREPTOPELIA AND COLUMBA
• Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR
• Molecular systematics of the African snake family Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Elapoidea), with particular focus on the genera Lamprophis Fitzinger 1843 and Mehelya Csiki 1903
• Resurrection of Staurois parvus from S. tuberilinguis from Borneo (Amphibia, Ranidae)
• Palytoxin Found in Palythoa sp. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) Sold in the Home Aquarium Trade
• Genetic diversity and geographical structure of the pitcher plant Nepenthes vieillardii in New Caledonia: A chloroplast DNA haplotype analysis
• A new species of Galaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand
• The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera)
• Hybrid origin of the imperial pheasant Lophura imperialis (Delacour and Jabouille, 1924) demonstrated by morphology, hybrid experiments, and DNA analyses
• Molecular data delineate four genera of “Thryothorus” wrens
• Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Tofieldiaceae (Alismatales): family circumscription and intergeneric relationships
• The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK)
• Phylogenetic relationships of honey bees (Hymenoptera:Apinae:Apini) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data
• The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis
• Nuclear and mitochondrial data reveal high genetic divergence among Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of the Iberian killifish Aphanius iberus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)
• Rapid, independent evolution of flightlessness in four species of Pacific Island rails (Rallidae): an analysis based on mitochondrial sequence data
• The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the Oscine songbird tree: Molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida
• Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
• Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea
• Arion transsylvanus(Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae): rediscovery of a cryptic species
• Phylogenetic Relationships among Higher Nemertean (Nemertea) Taxa Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences
• The demise of subfamily Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae) and the re-alignment of its genera across the entire order Apiales
• AN ENDEMIC RADIATION OF MALAGASY SONGBIRDS IS REVEALED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCE DATA
• Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae
• Phylogeny and Generic Interrelationships of the Stylidiaceae (Asterales), with a Possible Extreme Case of Floral Paedomorphosis
• Tethyan relicts on continental coastlines of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Australasia: molecular phylogeny and fossil record of batillariid gastropods (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)
• Population structure and phylogeography of the mistletoes Tristerix corymbosus and T. aphyllus (Loranthaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequence variation
• Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae
• Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data
• Moorean tree snail survival revisited: a multi-island genealogical perspective
• Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Neotropical toucanets in the genusAulacorhynchus(Aves, Ramphastidae)
• A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF NORTH AMERICAN PLEUROCERIDAE (GASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA) BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 16S rDNA SEQUENCES
• Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)
• A gleam in the dark: Phylogenetic species delimitation in the confusing spring-snail genus Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea: Amnicolidae)
• Dealing with incongruence in the quest for the species tree: A case study from the orchid genus Satyrium
• Molecular phylogeny of the Erebia tyndarus (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) species group combining CoxII and ND5 mitochondrial genes: A case study of a recent radiation
• Extensive diversification of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae:Fluminicola) in the upper Sacramento River basin, northwestern USA
• Molecular Systematics of the Endangered O'ahu Tree Snail Achatinella mustelina : Synonymization of Subspecies and Estimation of Gene Flow between Chiral Morphs
• Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the land snail genus Solatopupa (Pulmonata) in the peri-Tyrrhenian area
• Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species ofNapaeus(Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)
• Comparing the efficacy of morphologic and DNA-based taxonomy in the freshwater gastropod genus Radix (Basommatophora, Pulmonata).
• Conservation Genetics of a Critically Endangered Limpet Genus and Rediscovery of an Extinct Species
• Patterns of genetic structure in the endangered aquatic gastropodValvata utahensis(Mollusca: Valvatidae) at small and large spatial scales
• Phylogeny and Phytogeography of Eupatorium (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae): Insights from Sequence Data of the nrDNA ITS Regions and cpDNA RFLP
• Molecular Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Evolution of the Land Snail GenusPyrenaearia(Gastropoda, Helicoidea)*
• A species-level phylogenetic study of the Verbena complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers
• Using plastid genome-scale data to resolve enigmatic relationships among basal angiosperms
• Molecular Phylogeography of the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Populations in Xinjiang of China: Comparison with other Asian, European, and North American Populations
• Tropical fishes in a temperate sea: evolution of the wrasse Thalassoma pavo and the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense in the Mediterranean and the adjacent Macaronesian and Cape Verde Archipelagos
• Occurrence of Biomphalaria cousini (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Brazil and its susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminths: Trematoda)
• A new subtribal classification of the tribe Anthemideae (Compositae)
• Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer
• Analysis of 81 genes from 64 plastid genomes resolves relationships in angiosperms and identifies genome-scale evolutionary patterns
• Genetic characterisation and breed assignment in Austrian sheep breeds using microsatellite marker information
• Phylogeny of Conradina and Related Southeastern Scrub Mints (Lamiaceae) Based on GapC Gene Sequences
• Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements
• MULTIPLE ORIGIN OF VIVIPARITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN GASTROPODS (CERITHIOIDEA: PACHYCHILIDAE) AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
• Phylogenetic Relationships of the Cochliopinae (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): An Enigmatic Group of Aquatic Gastropods
• Systematics, molecular genetics and historical zoogeography of the viviparous freshwater gastropodPseudopotamis(Cerithioidea, Pachychilidae): a relic on the Torres Strait Islands, Australia
• New Clades of Euthyneuran Gastropods (Mollusca) from 28S rRNA Sequences
• Molecular Phylogeny of Euthyneura (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
• Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassa on Crete based on mitochondrial sequences and AFLP markers
• Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails
• Resolving an Ancient, Rapid Radiation in Saxifragales
• Novel halophilic aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs from a Canadian hypersaline spring system
• Patterns of Speciation in the Yucca Moths: Parallel Species Radiations within the Tegeticula yuccasella Species Complex
• Phylogenetic placement, taxonomic revision and a new species of Nothostele (Orchidaceae), an enigmatic genus endemic to the cerrado of central Brazil
• Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and morphological diversity in the genus Mastus (Beck, 1837): a study in a recent (Holocene) island group (Koufonisi, south-east Crete)
• The phylogenetic position of the enigmatic orchid genus Pachites
• Is Drosera meristocaulis a pygmy sundew? Evidence of a long-distance dispersal between Western Australia and northern South America
• Phylogeography and Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Moon Turban Snail Lunella granulata Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda: Turbinidae)
• Phylogenetic relationships of Dalyat mirabilis Mateu, 2002, with a revised molecular phylogeny of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
• Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes
• Phylogenetic relationships of North American nymphophiline gastropods based on mitochondrial DNA sequences
• Diversity of the Southeast Asian leaf turtle genus Cyclemys: how many leaves on its tree of life?
• Molecular characterisation of Bulinus snails – intermediate hosts of schistosomes in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria
• Phylogenetic Placement of Rheopteris and the Polyphyly of Monogramma (Pteridaceae s.l.): Evidence from rbcL Sequence Data
• Gondwanan Gymnochilini (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae): generic concepts, review of New Zealand species and long‐range Pacific dispersal
• From Amazonia to the Atlantic forest: Molecular phylogeny of Phyzelaphryninae frogs reveals unexpected diversity and a striking biogeographic pattern emphasizing conservation challenges
• Genetic structure of three Croatian horse breeds: implications for their conservation strategy
• A molecular phylogeny for the large African orchid genus Disa
• Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification ofTulipa(Liliaceae)
• A new wood-decaying basidiomycete species associated with esca of grapevine: Fomitiporia mediterranea (Hymenochaetales)
• Phylogeny and evolution of the Meliphagoidea, the largest radiation of Australasian songbirds
• Molecular divergence between two sympatric species ofDondice(Mollusca: Nudibranchia) with distinct feeding specializations
• <I>Callianthe</I> (Malvaceae): A New Genus of Neotropical Malveae
• The Old World Sparrows (Genus Passer) Phylogeography and Their Relative Abundance of Nuclear mtDNA Pseudogenes
• Molecular Systematics of Sciurognathi (Rodentia): The Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and 12S rRNA Genes Support the Anomaluroidea (Pedetidae and Anomaluridae)
• The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (Zingiberaceae): evidence from molecular data
• Evolutionary History of the Morocco lizard-Fingered Geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti Complex
• La città del sociale: dalle immagini come retoriche alle “non-rappresentazioni” come pratiche
• Recent hybrid origin of three rare Chinese turtles
• The First Mitochondrial Genome for the Fishfly Subfamily Chauliodinae and Implications for the Higher Phylogeny of Megaloptera
• Delimitation of Sauropus (Phyllanthaceae) Based on Plastid matK and Nuclear Ribosomal ITS DNA Sequence Data
• Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences
• Independent adaptation to riverine habitats allowed survival of ancient cetacean lineages
• The biogeography and phylogeny of schizothoracine fishes (Schizopygopsis) in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
• Anatomy of the dinosaur Pampadromaeus barberenai (Saurischia—Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil
• Morphology, molecules, and character congruence in the phylogeny of South American geophagine cichlids (Perciformes, Labroidei)
• Braincase and Inner Ear Anatomy of the Late Carboniferous Tetrapod Limnoscelis dynatis (Diadectomorpha) Revealed by High-Resolution X-ray Microcomputed Tomography
• THE NEW PHYLOGENY OF THE LILIOID MONOCOTYLEDONS
• Phylogenetic relationships and ecological speciation in the mistletoe Tristerix (Loranthaceae): the influence of pollinators, dispersers, and hosts
• The contrasted evolutionary fates of deep‐sea chemosynthetic mussels (Bivalvia, Bathymodiolinae)
• Convergent, Parallel and Correlated Evolution of Trophic Morphologies in the Subfamily Schizothoracinae from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
• Not so sluggish: the success of the Felimare picta complex (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) crossing Atlantic biogeographic barriers
• To What Extent are Surnames Words? Comparing Geographic Patterns of Surname and Dialect Variation in the Netherlands
• Morphological and molecular characterization of Karyolysus – a neglected but common parasite infecting some European lizards
• A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Schizothorax (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China
• Gymnogrammitis dareiformis is a polygrammoid fern (Polypodiaceae) - Resolving an apparent conflict between morphological and molecular data
• Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus Species Group
• Population Genetics and Identity of an Introduced Terrestrial Slug: Arion subfuscus s.l. in the North-east USA (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Arionidae)
• New lower jaw and teeth referred toMaxakalisaurus topai(Titanosauria: Aeolosaurini) and their implications for the phylogeny of titanosaurid sauropods
• Phylogeny of the pollinating yucca moths, with revision of Mexican species (Tegeticula and Parategeticula; Lepidoptera, Prodoxidae)
• Phylogeny of the family hydrocharitaceae inferred fromrbcL andmatK gene sequence data
• Phylogenetic position and description of a new species of subgenus Mus (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Thailand
• Trading Genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA Sequences and the Origin of Central Asian Populations
• A molecular phylogeny of the gastropod family Haminoeidae sensu lato (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): a generic revision
• Invasion Genetics of Ponto-Caspian Gobies in the Great Lakes: A ‘Cryptic’ Species, Absence of Founder Effects, and Comparative Risk Analysis
• Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classification of Epidendrum subgenus Amphiglottium (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae)
• Radiation and species limits in the Asian Pallas’s warbler complex (Phylloscopus proregulus s.l.)*
• PHYLOGENY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENOPHYTES BASED ON COMBINED CHLOROPLAST AND CYTOPLASMIC SSU RDNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS1
• Taxonomic revision of Aegista subchinensis (Möllendorff, 1884) (Stylommatophora, Bradybaenidae) and a description of a new species of Aegista from eastern Taiwan based on multilocus phylogeny and comparative morphology
• Sphingobacterium olei sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil
• A new species of Threskiornithidae-like bird (Aves, Ciconiiformes) from the Green River Formation (Eocene) of Wyoming
• Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family.
• Unravelling the tangle of the azecid land snails: a survey on the supraspecific systematics based on comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Orthurethra)
• Molecular phylogeny of freshwater snails and limpets (Panpulmonata: Hygrophila)
• Discovery of an Endosymbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium UCYN-A in Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Prymnesiophyceae)
• Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Malagasy tenrecs: Influence of data partitioning and taxon sampling on dating analyses
• Allopseudarcicella aquatilis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater
• Maize as production and delivery vehicle of edible vaccines against the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and the swine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
• Phylogeny and phylogeography of the land hermit crab Coenobita purpureus (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in the Northwestern Pacific Region
• Molecular and morphological data reveal cryptic taxonomic diversity in the terrestrial slug complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae) in continental north-west Europe
• Systematics and spicule evolution in dictyonal sponges (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora) with description of two new species
• Review of the abysso-hadal genus Bayerius (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) from the North-West Pacific, with description of two new species
• A new phoronid species, Phoronis embryolabi, with a novel type of development, and consideration of phoronid taxonomy and DNA barcoding
• The Cranial Osteology and Feeding Ecology of the Metriorhynchid Crocodylomorph Genera Dakosaurus and Plesiosuchus from the Late Jurassic of Europe
• An Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Brazil sheds light on the cranial evolution of the Abelisauridae
• Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences
• Skeletal morphology ofKritosaurus navajovius(Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American south-west, with an evaluation of the phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Kritosaurini
• Integrative taxonomic consideration of the Holarctic Euconulus fulvus group of land snails (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)
• Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)
• Molecular Systematics of the Rhinocryptid Genus Pteroptochos
• Conservation genetics of endangered horse breeds
• MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PHYLOGENY OF BABBLERS (TIMALIIDAE)
• Shedding Light on Vampires: The Phylogeny of Vampyrellid Amoebae Revisited
• Exploring the radiation of a diverse reef fish family: Phylogenetics of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae), with new classifications based on molecular analyses of all genera
• Neural Network-Based Uncertainty Quantification: A Survey of Methodologies and Applications
• Peaches and almonds: phylogeny of Prunus subg. Amygdalus (Rosaceae) based on DNA sequences and morphology
• Relationships among the basal lineages of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) based on eight gene regions
• Molecular phylogeny of the Orthurethra (Panpulmonata: Stylommatophora)
• Evolution of reproductive strategies in the species-rich land snail subfamily Phaedusinae (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
• The Tupí-Guaraní language family
• UFBoot2: Improving the Ultrafast Bootstrap Approximation
• Molecular phylogeny ofForsythia (Oleaceae) based on chloroplast DNA variation
• Asparagopsis taxiformisandAsparagopsis armata(Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): genetic and morphological identification of Mediterranean populations
• Rhodocytophaga rosea sp. nov. and Nibribacter ruber sp. nov., two radiation-resistant bacteria isolated from soil
• When molecules and morphology work together: lines of evidence for the validity of Caridina buehleri Roux (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae) and for C. gueryi Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak as its junior synonym
• Genotype and virulence gene analyses of Bacillus cereus group clinical isolates from the Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) in Taiwan
• Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data
• A Unified Framework for Trees, Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Planar Graphs
• Molecular systematics of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined
• A review of the genus Strophidon (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae), with description of a new species
• RAPD and ITS-based variability revealed in Atriplex species introduced to semi-arid zones of Morocco
• Isolation and characterization of aerobic microorganisms with cellulolytic activity in the gut of endogeic earthworms.
• Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL intron sequences
• Bacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., an novel diazotrophic bacterium isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil
• Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.
• Molecular Phylogeny of <I>Conradina</I> and Other Scrub Mints (Lamiaceae) from the Southeastern USA: Evidence for Hybridization in Pleistocene Refugia?
• Phylogenetic assessment and biogeographic analyses of tribe Peracarpeae (Campanulaceae)
• Phylogenetic relationships of crown conchs (Melongenaspp.): thecoronacomplex simplified
• Egg-collar morphology and identity of nine species of Naticidae (Gastropoda) in Taiwan, with an assessment of their phylogenetic relationships
• Tramps, narrow endemics and morphologically cryptic species in the epiphyllous liverwort Diplasiolejeunea
• Radiation of Atlantic goldcrests Regulus regulus spp.: evidence of a new taxon from the Canary Islands
• Revision of the mole genusMogera(Mammalia: Lipotyphla: Talpidae) from Taiwan
• Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages
• Evolutionary origin of the Atlantic Cabo Verde nibbler (Girella stuebeli), a member of a primarily Pacific Ocean family of antitropical herbivorous reef fishes
• Sulfolobus tokodaii sp. nov. (f. Sulfolobus sp. strain 7), a new member of the genus Sulfolobus isolated from Beppu Hot Springs, Japan
• A Chloroplast Phylogeny of Agavaceae subfamily Chlorogaloideae: Implications for the Tempo of Evolution on Serpentine Soils
• Genetic insight into Mediterranean chukar (Alectoris chukar, Galliformes) populations inferred from mitochondrial DNA and RAPD markers
• Ecological Factors and Diversification among Neotropical Characiforms
• Laccase Properties, Physiological Functions, and Evolution
• Phylogenetic Relationships inRhexia(Melastomataceae): Evidence from DNA Sequence Data and Morphology
• Discovery of two ‘chimeric’ Gastrotricha and their systematic placement based on an integrative approach
• A Molecular Phylogeny of the Patellid Limpets (Gastropoda: Patellidae) and Its Implications for the Origins of Their Antitropical Distribution
• Pliocene colonization and adaptive radiations in Australia and New Guinea (Sahul): Multilocus systematics of the old endemic rodents (Muroidea: Murinae)
• Taxonomic Status Assessment of the Mexican Populations of Funnel-Eared Bats, Genus Natalus (Chiroptera: Natalidae)
• Molecular source attribution
• Systematics, biogeography, and evolution of Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) elucidated using mitochondrial DNA sequences
• An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny
• The largest bacterium
• Systematic revision, diversity patterns and trophic ecology of the tropical Indo-West Pacific sea slug genus Phanerophthalmus A. Adams, 1850 (Cephalaspidea, Haminoeidae)
• On the taxonomic position of Phaenomenella Fraussen & Hadorn, 2006 (Neogastropoda, Buccinoidea) with description of two new species
• The relationship of Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae) to Sophora tomentosa, the type species of the genus Sophora, observed from DNA sequence data and morphological characters
• The complete mitogenome of a jumping spider Carrhotus xanthogramma (Araneae: Salticidae) and comparative analysis in four salticid mitogenomes
• Phylogenetic and taxonomic incongruence involving nuclear and mitochondrial markers in Korean populations of the freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Cerithioidea: Pleuroceridae)
• Molecular and morphological relationships between two closely related species, Turbinaria ornata and T. conoides (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae)
• A new order of red algae based on the Peyssonneliaceae, with an evaluation of the ordinal classification of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta)
• Evolutionary insight into thePeripatopsis balfourisensu lato species complex (Onychophora:Peripatopsidae) reveals novel lineages and zoogeographic patterning
• Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data
• Effects of habitat transition on the evolutionary patterns of the microgastropod genusPseudamnicola(Mollusca, Hydrobiidae)
• New taxa in the Tremellales:Bulleribasidium oberjochensegen. et sp. nov.,Papiliotrema bandoniigen. et sp. nov. andFibulobasidium murrhardtensesp. nov
• Morphology-based phylogeny of oval palm and flower beetles (Coleoptera: Mycteridae: Eurypinae), with descriptions of new genera and species from Australia
• A new giant egg-laying onychophoran (Peripatopsidae) reveals evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of Australian velvet worms
• Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Favolaschia calocera Complex (Mycenaceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species
• Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling
• Family‐level relationships of the spittlebugs and froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea)
• Phylogenetic and morphological infrageneric classification of the genus Dendroceros (Dendrocerotaceae; Anthocerotophyta), with the addition of two new subgenera
• Revisiting the intertropical Brazilian speciesHoplophorus euphractus(Cingulata, Glyptodontoidea) and the phylogenetic affinities ofHoplophorus
• Generation of hierarchically correlated multivariate symbolic sequences
• Both apolipoprotein E and A-I genes are present in a nonmammalian vertebrate and are highly expressed during embryonic development
• Phylogenetic analyses elucidate the inter‐relationships of Pamphilioidea (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)
• The three-dimensional structure at 2.4 Å resolution of glycosylated proteinase A from the lysosome-like vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrowed interpretation ofEupatorium (Asteraceae)
• Ocoidae, a new family of asiloid flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea), based on Ocoa chilensis gen. and sp.n. from Chile, South America
• Phylogeny and divergence times of the Coluteoid clade with special reference to Colutea (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and two cpDNAs, mat K and rpl 32- trn L (UAG) sequences data
• Another stripe on the tiger makes no difference? Unexpected diversity in the widespread tiger tarantula Davus pentaloris (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)
• Phylogenetic analysis of family Neisseriaceae based on genome sequences and description of Populibacter corticis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Neisseriaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker
• The systematic position of Cladodiopsis Séguy, 1949 and the origin of sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data
• Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Loliginid Squids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Data
• Neglected refugia of biodiversity: mountainous regions in Mozambique and Malawi yield two novel freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes)
• Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes
• ‘Unknown yellow’:Pibiria, a new genus of Passifloraceae with a mixture of features found in Passifloroideae and Turneroideae
• ITS Evolution in Platanus (Platanaceae): Homoeologues, Pseudogenes and Ancient Hybridization
• Phylogeography and population history of the endangered golden sun moth (Synemon plana) revealed by allozymes and mitochondrial DNA analysis
• Phylogenetic relationships among cirrate octopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) resolved using mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences
• Phylogenetic utility of protein (RPB2, β-tubulin) and ribosomal (LSU, SSU) gene sequences in the systematics of Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi)
• Species Tree Estimation Using ASTRAL: Practical Considerations
• The osteology of a Lower Permian eosuchian from Texas and a review of diapsid phylogeny
• Alphavirus madariaga-associated encephalomyelitis in equines from the Brazilian Pantanal reveals arbovirus circulation in a peri-urban environment
• MalTree: Tracing Malware Evolution from Embeddings at Scale
• A new species of Bottosaurus (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) from the Black Peaks Formation (Palaeocene) of Texas indicates an early radiation of North American caimanines
• Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: An experimental cladistic approach
• Phylogenetics of Asphodelaceae (Asparagales): An Analysis of Plastid rbcL and trnL-F DNA Sequences
• Phylogenomics Reshuffles the Eukaryotic Supergroups
• Evolution in Apiales: nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony
• Phylogeny, Genome Size, and Chromosome Evolution of Asparagales
• Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
• PHYLOGENY, CONCERTED CONVERGENCE, AND PHYLOGENETIC NICHE CONSERVATISM IN THE CORE LILIALES: INSIGHTS FROM rbcL AND ndhF SEQUENCE DATA
• Robust Inference of Monocot Deep Phylogeny Using an Expanded Multigene Plastid Data Set
• Major lineages within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae: a comparison of chloroplast restriction site and DNA sequence data
• Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans
• Monocot relationships: an overview
• Evolutionary Patterns in Apiaceae: Inferences Based on matK Sequence Data
• The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): An emphasis on African acacias
• Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene “horned” crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus
• Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Alnus (Betulaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Region
• Fleming’s penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens
• Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences of Phaeodarea Challenge the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria
• Molecular Phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): Assessing the Impact of Increased Sampling on Resolving Enigmatic Relationships
• Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
• Reemergence of Oropouche Fever, Northern Brazil
• Phylogenomic analyses of lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and bryozoans) confirm the Lophotrochozoa concept
• Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset
• Rapid Radiation Events in the Family Ursidae Indicated by Likelihood Phylogenetic Estimation from Multiple Fragments of mtDNA
• Early bioinformatics: the birth of a discipline—a personal view
• Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion
• Molecular Phylogenetics of Core Brassicales, Placement of Orphan Genera Emblingia, Forchhammeria, Tirania, and Character Evolution
• Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data
• The Phylogenetic Position of the Musky Rat-Kangaroo and the Evolution of Bipedal Hopping in Kangaroos (Macropodidae: Diprotodontia)
• Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees
• Data Analysis with Bayesian Networks: A Bootstrap Approach
• Genetic structure and domestication of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) (Apiaceae)
• A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach
• Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation
• Evaluating Hypotheses of Deuterostome Phylogeny and Chordate Evolution with New LSU and SSU Ribosomal DNA Data
• The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology
• Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the North American Brown Bear and Implications for Conservation
• Microbial flora in the deepest sea mud of the Mariana Trench
• A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes
• Phylogenetic relationships among the baleen whales based on maternally and paternally inherited characters
• Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA–Coded Genes
• Evidence from Nuclear DNA Sequences Sheds Light on the Phylogenetic Relationships of Pinnipedia: Single Origin with Affinity to Musteloidea
• Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa
• Discovery of Exogenous Variables in Data with More Variables Than Observations
• Systematic Revision of Interatherium and Icochilus (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early To Middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
• Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)
• Phylogeny and biogeography of theRhinella marinaspecies complex (Amphibia, Bufonidae) revisited: implications for Neotropical diversification hypotheses
• Growing coffee: Psilanthus (Rubiaceae) subsumed on the basis of molecular and morphological data; implications for the size, morphology, distribution and evolutionary history of Coffea
• Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the cell walls from yeasts and fungi
• Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel’s Radiolaria
• Origin of the Reflectin Gene and Hierarchical Assembly of Its Protein
• Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species
• Mitochondrial DNA Variability of the Gray Wolf: Genetic Consequences of Population Decline and Habitat Fragmentation
• Molecular systematics of the subaerial green algal order Trentepohliales: an assessment based on morphological and molecular data
• Origins and diversification of subsociality in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Chrysomelinae)
• Phylogeny and polyploidy: Resolving the classification of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)
• Remarkable phylogenetic resolution of the most complex clade of Cyprinidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): A proof of concept of homology assessment and partitioning sequence data integrated with mixed model Bayesian analyses
• Pandemic Spread of Cholera: Genetic Diversity and Relationships within the Seventh Pandemic Clone of Vibrio cholerae Determined by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
• More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen
• Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/ matK and trnL‐trnF sequences
• Bias and conflict in phylogenetic inference of myco‐heterotrophic plants: a case study in Thismiaceae
• Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data
• Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications
• Genetic studies of the Roma (Gypsies): a review
• Molecular Phylogeny Restores the Supra-Generic Subdivision of Homoscleromorph Sponges (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha)
• Molecular Phylogenetics and Patterns of Floral Evolution in the Ericales
• Historical Perspectives in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: The Use of Phylogenetic Comparative Analyses
• Testing hypotheses of speciation timing in Dicamptodon copei and Dicamptodon aterrimus (Caudata: Dicamptodontidae)
• A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges
• Genomic deletions disrupt nitrogen metabolism pathways of a cyanobacterial diatom symbiont
• A new species of antbird (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) from the Cordillera Azul, San Martín, Peru
• Darwin’s Fox: A Distinct Endangered Species in a Vanishing Habitat
• The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters
• Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches
• Molecular Evidence for the Systematic Position of Urocynchramus pylzowi
• Genetic Relationships of North American Cardueline Finches
• Molecular phylogeny of Carduelinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae) proves polyphyletic origin of the genera Serinus and Carduelis and suggests redefined generic limits
• Rhodopechys obsoleta (desert finch): a pale ancestor of greenfinches (Carduelis spp.) according to molecular phylogeny
• Coming to America: multiple origins of New World geckos
• Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from C-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota
• The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes
• Out of the blue: a novel, trans‐Atlantic clade of geckos (Gekkota, Squamata)
• Evidence for Gondwanan vicariance in an ancient clade of gecko lizards
• Molecular Phylogenetics of Squamata: The Position of Snakes, Amphisbaenians, and Dibamids, and the Root of the Squamate Tree
• Protein Phylogenies and Signature Sequences: A Reappraisal of Evolutionary Relationships among Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, and Eukaryotes
• Thermogemmatispora onikobensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thermogemmatispora foliorum sp. nov., isolated from fallen leaves on geothermal soils, and description of Thermogemmatisporaceae fam. nov. and Thermogemmatisporales ord. nov. within the class Ktedonobacteria
• The Human Genus
• Archosauromorph extinction selectivity during the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction
• Phylogeography, population history and conservation genetics of jaguars (Panthera onca, Mammalia, Felidae)
• A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF KINGFISHERS (ALCEDINIDAE) WITH INSIGHTS INTO EARLY BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY
• Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever
• A phylogeny of kingfishers reveals an Indomalayan origin and elevated rates of diversification on oceanic islands
• Comparative Genome Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationship of Order Liliales Insight from the Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of Two Lilies (Lilium longiflorum and Alstroemeria aurea)
• Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae s.l. (Lamiales)
• Discovery of an ancient lineage of Cyprinus carpio from Lake Biwa, central Japan, based on mtDNA sequence data, with reference to possible multiple origins of koi
• Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales
• Phylogeographic differentiation in the mitochondrial control region in the koala,Phascolarctos cinereus(Goldfuss 1817)
• Familial relationships of the monocot order Liliales based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis using four plastid loci:matK,rbcL,atpBandatpF-H
• Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: evidence from molecular and morphological data
• ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGY OF THE SALIVA AND GINGIVA FROM 16 CAPTIVE KOMODO DRAGONS (VARANUS KOMODOENSIS): NEW IMPLICATIONS FOR THE “BACTERIA AS VENOM” MODEL
• Phylogeny inLabiatae s. l., inferred from cpDNA sequences
• Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL–trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology
• Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy
• Troublesome tropical mints: re‐examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia
• Morphological and molecular analyses revealed four new wood-inhabiting fungal species (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan
• When the Past Fades: Detecting Phylogenetic Signal with SatuTe
• Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life
• Biogeography and Floral Evolution of Baobabs Adansonia, Bombacaceae as Inferred From Multiple Data Sets
• Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms
• Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): Implications for the Madrean-Tethyan Hypothesis
• The origin and evolution of model organisms
• Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences and the Phylogeny of Cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae)
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Ancestral Areas of the Bustards (Gruiformes: Otididae), Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear Intron Sequences
• Going to Extremes: Contrasting Rates of Diversification in a Recent Radiation of New World Passerine Birds
• Seabird Supertrees: Combining Partial Estimates of Procellariiform Phylogeny
• Monophyly and relationships of wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae): a congruence analysis of heterogeneous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
• Phylogenetic Relationships among the Trogons
• MANET: tracing evolution of protein architecture in metabolic networks
• Phylogeny and biogeographical history of Trogoniformes, a pantropical bird order
• Evolutionary Origins of Human Malaria Parasites
• Incubator birds: biogeographical origins and evolution of underground nesting in megapodes (Galliformes: Megapodiidae)
• A phylogeny of the megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
• Phylogeny and Biogeography of Dabbling Ducks (Genus: Anas): A Comparison of Molecular and Morphological Evidence
• Phylogeny of “core Gruiformes” (Aves: Grues) and resolution of the Limpkin–Sungrebe problem
• Phylogenies of the Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) and Tropicbirds (Phaethonidae), two divergent groups of the traditional order Pelecaniformes, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
• Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix
• Whole genome phylogeny of Gallus: introgression and data-type effects
• More Taxa, More Characters: The Hoatzin Problem Is Still Unresolved
• Phylogeographic differentiation of storm petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus) based on cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA variation
• A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)
• Reexamination of Barbet Monophyly Using Mitochondrial-DNA Sequence data
• Evolutionary Relationships among Extant Albatrosses (Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae) Established from Complete Cytochrome-B Gene Sequences
• Ancient DNA Reveals Late Pleistocene Existence of Ostriches in Indian Sub-Continent
• Phylogeny of Cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae) Based on Cytochrome-B DNA Sequences
• Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genes Contain Similar Phylogenetic Signal for Pigeons and Doves (Aves: Columbiformes)
• A comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the hornbills (Aves: Bucerotidae)
• Testing Hypotheses about the Sister Group of the Passeriformes Using an Independent 30-Locus Data Set
• Resolving the Avian Tree of Life from Top to Bottom: The Promise and Potential Boundaries of the Phylogenomic Era
• Molecular Data Confirms the Species Status of the Christmas Island Hawk-Owl Ninox natalis
• Osteology Supports a Stem-Galliform Affinity for the Giant Extinct Flightless Bird Sylviornis neocaledoniae (Sylviornithidae, Galloanseres)
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Arini) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences
• Phylogeny of swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae) estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
• A SINGLE ANCIENT ORIGIN OF BROOD PARASITISM IN AFRICAN FINCHES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOST-PARASITE COEVOLUTION
• Ultraviolet pigments in birds evolved from violet pigments by a single amino acid change
• Molecular phylogeny of cuckoos supports a polyphyletic origin of brood parasitism
• A new species of Eoperipatus (Onychophora) from Vietnam reveals novel morphological characters for the South-East Asian Peripatidae
• Reconstructing the Evolution of Laughter in Great Apes and Humans
• Whole-genome duplications in South American desert rodents (Octodontidae)
• Ötzi's last meals: DNA analysis of the intestinal content of the Neolithic glacier mummy from the Alps
• Higher classification of the flabelliferan and related Isopoda based on a reappraisal of relationships
• Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla
• Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla)
• Phylogeny of the restiid clade (Poales) and implications for the classification of Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Australian Restionaceae
• Phylogenetic relationships of Afrobrunnichia Hutch. & Dalziel (Polygonaceae) based on three chloroplast genes and ITS
• Improvements to resampling measures of group support
• AMMONOIDS ACROSS THE PERMIAN/TRIASSIC BOUNDARY: A CLADISTIC PERSPECTIVE
• Peopling of Sahul: mtDNA Variation in Aboriginal Australian and Papua New Guinean Populations
• Phylogenetic Relationships of the Five Extant Rhinoceros Species (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and 12S rRNA Genes
• Evolutionary Affinities of the Order Perissodactyla and the Phylogenetic Status of the Superordinal Taxa Ungulata and Altungulata
• Phylogenetic Tree Construction Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo
• A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona
• The road to the Janiroidea: Comparative morphology and evolution of the asellote isopod crustaceans
• THE LIMITS OF AMINO ACID SEQUENCE DATA IN ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENETIC RECONSTRUCTION
• Are the Platyhelminthes a monophyletic primitive group? An assessment using 18S rDNA sequences
• Phylogeny and patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae)
• The evolution of extreme hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) based on evidence from microscopic denticle morphology
• The evolutionary diversification of cyanobacteria: Molecular–phylogenetic and paleontological perspectives
• Horizontal gene transfer of the algal nuclear gene psbO to the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia chlorotica
• Species-Level Paraphyly and Polyphyly: Frequency, Causes, and Consequences, with Insights from Animal Mitochondrial DNA
• The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms
• Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales
• A novel virus genome discovered in an extreme environment suggests recombination between unrelated groups of RNA and DNA viruses
• Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus
• A molecular phylogeny of the Canidae based on six nuclear loci
• The Phylogeny of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya (Malvaceae s. l.) and its Implications for the Evolution of Growth Forms
• Mechanisms of GII.4 Norovirus Persistence in Human Populations
• Two new species of Penicillium and a new genus in Xylariomycetidae from the forest dump-sites in Chiang Mai, Thailand
• Research in Continuing Education: The Other Agenda.
• New Information on the Cranial Anatomy of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of Allosauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda)
• The Rhizomorphic Lycopsids: A Case-Study in Paleobotanical Classification
• Tracing the colonization history of the Indian Ocean scops-owls (Strigiformes: Otus) with further insight into the spatio-temporal origin of the Malagasy avifauna
• Adding complexity to the complex: New insights into the phylogeny, diversification and origin of parthenogenesis in the Aporrectodea caliginosa species complex (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
• Underground evolution: New roots for the old tree of lumbricid earthworms
• The Molecular Systematics of <I>Rhododendron</I> (Ericaceae): A Phylogeny Based Upon <I>RPB2</I> Gene Sequences
• Characterization and Pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeriaceaeSpecies Collected from Olive and Other Hosts in Spain and California
• A molecular phylogenetic study of the subtribe Glycininae (Leguminosae) derived from the chloroplast DNA rps16 intron sequences
• Major speciation accompanied the dispersal of Vireya Rhododendrons (Ericaceae, Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe ) through the Malayan archipelago: Evidence from nuclear gene sequences
• MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF RHODODENDRON SUBGENUS TSUTSUSI (RHODOREAE, ERICOIDEAE, ERICACEAE)
• Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis
• Evidence for Introgressive Hybridization of Captive Markhor (Capra falconeri) with Domestic Goat: Cautions for Reintroduction
• A New Troodontid Theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America
• A New Glyptodont (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: New Clues About the Oldest Extra-Patagonian Radiation in Southern South America
• GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE SOUTHERN BULL KELP DURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA (PHAEOPHYCEAE: DURVILLAEALES) IN NEW ZEALAND REVEAL CRYPTIC SPECIES1
• Древесные растения Майкопа: инвентаризация, анализ, оценка перспективности использования в озеленении
• Vampires in the oceans: predatory cercozoan amoebae in marine habitats
• Taxonomy of the southwestern Atlantic endemic kelp: Laminaria abyssalis and Laminaria brasiliensis (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) are not different species
• Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) inferred from the ITS nrDNA region
• Insights from DNA barcoding endangered endemic Caridina shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lindu Lake, Indonesia
• A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of an unique nest-building specialization
• Phylogeny and biogeography of ratite birds inferred from DNA sequences of the mitochondrial ribosomal genes
• Polyphyly of the genus Apalis and a new generic name for the species pulchra and ruwenzorii
• Molecular evolution of HR, a gene that regulates the postnatal cycle of the hair follicle
• The great tit (Parus major) - a misclassified ring species
• A new study ofSolenodonsaurus janenschi, and a reconsideration of amniote origins and stegocephalian evolution
• Molecular Systematics and Biogeographical History of Pitvipers as Determined by Mitochondrial Ribosomal DNA Sequences
• Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
• Redescription ofStentorcepsQuinlan, 1984 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), with a Description of Five New Species
• Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae)
• Description ofNanocthulhu lovecrafti, a Preternatural New Genus and Species of Trichoplastini (Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
• Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Melaleuca , Callistemon and related genera (Myrtaceae)
• Genetic Evidence for the Proto-Austronesian Homeland in Asia: mtDNA and Nuclear DNA Variation in Taiwanese Aboriginal Tribes
• Methylobacterium cerastii sp. nov., isolated from the leaf surface of Cerastium holosteoides
• Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes
• PHYLOGENETIC POSITION AND GENERIC PLACEMENT OF THE SOCORRO WREN (THRYOMANES SISSONII)
• Phylogenetic Analysis of Pelecaniformes (Aves) Based on Osteological Data: Implications for Waterbird Phylogeny and Fossil Calibration Studies
• Hybridization promotes color polymorphism in the aposematic harlequin poison frog,Oophaga histrionica
• Familial Concepts and Relationships in the Conifer Based on rbcL and matK Sequence Comparisons
• Generic circumscription and relationships in the tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with emphasis on Zigadenus: evidence from ITS and trnL‐F sequence data
• Molecular genetic relationships of the extinct ostrich, Struthio camelus syriacus: consequences for ostrich introductions into Saudi Arabia
• Phylogenetic relationships within Araucariaceae based on rbcL gene sequences
• Phylogenetic relationships of conifers inferred from Partial 28S rRNA gene sequences
• Chapter 1: Seven New Species and a New Subgenus of Forest Mice (Rodentia: Muridae: Apomys) from Luzon Island
• The Pattern and Timing of Diversification of Philippine Endemic Rodents: Evidence from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences
• Phylogenetic Analyses and Biogeography of Trilliaceae
• Identifying the Basal Angiosperm Node in Chloroplast Genome Phylogenies: Sampling One's Way Out of the Felsenstein Zone
• Molecular phylogenies of figs and their pollinator wasps
• CONVERGENCE AND COEVOLUTION IN A MUTUALISM: EVIDENCE FROM A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF FICUS
• Molecular phylogeny of fig wasps Agaonidae are not monophyletic
• Phylogenetic relationships of functionally dioecious FICUS (Moraceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology
• Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis
• Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S rRNA mitochondrial sequences
• DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids
• Molecular evolutionary dynamics of cytochrome b in strepsirrhine primates: the phylogenetic significance of third-position transversions
• Molecular systematics, taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Cavia (Rodentia: Caviidae)
• Molecular Phylogeny and Divergence Time Estimates for Major Rodent Groups: Evidence from Multiple Genes
• Utility of a large, multigene plastid data set in inferring higher‐order relationships in ferns and relatives (monilophytes)
• Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?
• A new baenid turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota and a preliminary taxonomic review of Cretaceous Baenidae
• Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages
• Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)
• Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Gymnosperms Inferred from Single-Copy Nuclear Genes
• A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Dahlia (Asteraceae) Based on Internal and External Transcribed Spacer Regions of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
• Phylogenetic Relationships among <i>Lilium auratum</i> Lindley, <i>L. auratum</i> var. <i>platyphyllum</i> Baker and <i>L. rubellum</i> Baker Based on Three Spacer Regions in Chloroplast DNA
• Phylogeny and Reclassification of <I>Anemone</I> (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species
• Phylogenetic Analysis of Section Sinomartagon in Genus Lilium Using Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region in Nuclear Ribosomal DNA.
• Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria
• Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Lilium carniolicum group (Liliaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences
• Molecular characterization of phylogeneticrelationships in Fritillaria species inferred from chloroplast trnL-trnF sequences
• Caribbean Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species from Trinidad and Tobago
• Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
• Evaluation of the genetic relationship between Fritillaria species from Turkey’s flora using fluorescent-based AFLP
• Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)
• A mtDNA phylogeny of sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b-gene
• Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenetic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaceae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences
• Phylogenetic systematics of Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid and ITS sequence data
• EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WOODY HAWAIIAN VIOLETS (VIOLA, VIOLACEAE): ARCTIC ORIGINS, HERBACEOUS ANCESTRY AND BIRD DISPERSAL
• A Phylogeny of the Violaceae (Malpighiales) Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences: Implications for Generic Diversity and Intrafamilial Classification
• Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Genus <I>Platanus</I> as Inferred From Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA
• One size fits all? Molecular evidence for a commonly inherited petal identity program in Ranunculales
• Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene
• Origin of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus: A comparative genomic analysis
• Phylogeny of Osmundaceae Inferred from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences and Comparison to the Fossil Evidences
• The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes
• Phylogeny of the Coneflowers and Relatives (Heliantheae: Asteraceae) Based on Nuclear rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences and Chlorplast DNA Restriction Site Data
• Effect of geological vicariance on mitochondrial DNA differentiation in Common Pheasant populations of the Loess Plateau and eastern China
• Phylogenetic relationships of the sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus): reconstructions based on morphology, allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences
• Feeding behavior, toe count, and the phylogenetic relationships among alcedinine kingfishers (Alcedininae)
• Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Primula L. (Primulaceae) inferred from the ITS region sequences of nuclear rDNA
• Phylogenetic Relationships in Primula L. and Related Genera (Primulaceae) Based on Noncoding Chloroplast DNA
• A re-evaluation ofSecernosaurus koerneriandKritosaurus australis(Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina
• A phylogenetic analysis of Primulaceae s.l. based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequence data
• Morphological and Molecular Evidence for a Stepwise Evolutionary Transition from Teeth to Baleen in Mysticete Whales
• Phylogeny of the Avian Family Ciconiidae (Storks) Based on CytochromebSequences and DNA–DNA Hybridization Distances
• Pre- and postzygotic isolation and Haldane rule effects in reciprocal crosses of Danaus erippus and Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danainae), supported by differentiation of cuticular hydrocarbons, establish their status as separate species
• Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae)
• H-15 2005年産業連関表による建設に伴うCO₂排出量に関する研究
• Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) inferred from the ITS region sequences of nuclear rDNA
• Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Crassulaceae inferred from matK sequence data
• Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Geraniaceae in Relation to Climate Changes and Pollination Ecology
• Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): revaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris
• The Phylogenetic Position of Eastern Asian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences
• Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for Echeveria and Sedum
• Phylogenetic relationships between Sedum L. and related genera (Crassulaceae) based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons
• Phylogenetics and diversification of Cotyledon (Crassulaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data
• A Phylogenetic Analysis of 34 Chloroplast Genomes Elucidates the Relationships between Wild and Domestic Species within the GenusCitrus
• Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast Sequence Data
• On the phylogeny of Mustelidae subfamilies: analysis of seventeen nuclear non-coding loci and mitochondrial complete genomes
• Interrelationships Among Gekkonid Geckos Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences
• Two new cryptic species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam
• The origins and genetic structure of three co-resident Chinese Muslim populations: the Salar, Bo'an and Dongxiang
• Phylogeny of long-tailed tits and allies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Aves: Passeriformes, Aegithalidae)
• It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
• Out of Cuba: overwater dispersal and speciation among lizards in theAnolis carolinensissubgroup
• Phylogenetic Relationship And Song Differences Between Closely Related Bush Warblers (Cettia seebohmi And C. diphone)
• Evolutionary Relationships and Systematics of the Alphaviruses
• Re-emergence of chikungunya and o’nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships
• <I>Beauverdia</I>, a Resurrected Genus of Amaryllidaceae (Allioideae, Gilliesieae)
• Phenology, distribution, and host specificity of Solenopsis invicta virus-1
• Phylogeny of the Hamamelidaceae based on the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA
• Hidden diversity in spring snails from the Andean Altiplano, the second highest plateau on Earth, and the Atacama Desert, the driest place in the world
• Phylogenetic relationships of the Hamamelidaceae inferred from sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA
• Phylogenetic relationships in the Hamamelidaceae: Evidence from the nucleotide sequences of the plastid genematK
• Phylogeography of the white‐breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis): diversification in North American pine and oak woodlands
• Use of phylogenetics in the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary studies of viral infections
• From Fossils to Molecules: Phylogeny and the Core Eudicot Floral Groundplan in Hamamelidoideae (Hamamelidaceae, Saxifragales)
• Ribes (Grossulariaceae) phylogeny as indicated by restriction-site polymorphisms of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA
• Origin and Evolution of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Genes
• Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ribes (Grossulariaceae), with an Emphasis on Gooseberries (subg. Grossularia )
• Asian PERILLA Crops and Their Weedy Forms: Their Cultivation, Utilization and Genetic Relationships
• Comparative infructescence morphology in Liquidambar (Altingiaceae) and its evolutionary significance
• Evolutionary History of Lorisiform Primates
• Reticulate evolution in Thuja inferred from multiple gene sequences: Implications for the study of biogeographical disjunction between eastern Asia and North America
• Phylogeny and New Intrageneric Classification of Allium (Alliaceae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences
• The black widow spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae): phylogeny, biogeography, and invasion history
• Molecular phylogenetic relationships and implications for the circumscription of Colchicaceae (Liliales)
• Infrageneric phylogeny of Schoenocaulon (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) with clarification of cryptic species based on ITS sequence data and geographical distribution
• The Evolution of Colchicaceae, with a Focus on Chromosome Numbers
• Evolution of dimery, pentamery and the monocarpellary condition in the monocot family Stemonaceae (Pandanales)
• Morphological Phylogenetic Analysis of Pandanales: Testing Contrasting Hypotheses of Floral Evolution
• Phylogenetic relationships within Colchicaceae
• Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology
• A molecular phylogeny and a revised classification of Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on an analysis of four plastid DNA regions
• The Scilla plumbea puzzle—present status of the genus Scilla sensu lato in southern Africa and description of Spetaea lachenaliiflora , a new genus and species of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae)
• Phylogenetic Relationships of Elapid Snakes Based on Cytochrome b mtDNA Sequences
• Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications
• Molecular systematics and paleobiogeography of the South American sigmodontine rodents [published erratum appears in Mol Biol Evol 1998 Feb;15(2):224]
• Arrival and Diversification of Caviomorph Rodents and Platyrrhine Primates in South America
• Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genusRhinoclemmysFitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
• Afrotheria: Plate tectonics meets genomics
• Molecular systematics in the genus Clintonia and related taxa based on rbcL and matK gene sequence data
• Phylogenetic Relationships within the Subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) Using the Chloroplast Gene <I>ndhF</I>
• Salvia (Lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe Mentheae
• A Search for Phylogenetically Informative Pollen Characters in the Subtribe Salviinae (Mentheae: Lamiaceae)
• Wolbachia infection in West Nile Virus vectors of northwest Iran
• A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families
• Evolutionary affinities of the enigmatic saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) in the context of the molecular phylogeny of Bovidae
• Data Congruence and Phylogeny of the Papaveraceae s.l. Based on Four Data Sets: atpB and rbcL Sequences, trnK Restriction Sites, and Morphological Characters
• Phylogenetics of Papaver and Related Genera Based on DNA Sequences from ITS Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL Intron and trnL–F Intergenic Spacers
• Morphological evolution and ecological diversification of the forest-dwelling poppies (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) as deduced from a molecular phylogeny of the ITS region
• Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)
• Phylogenetic relationships among species groups of the ant genus Myrmecia
• Systematics of the Aquatic Angiosperm Genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae)
• Buruli ulcer: reductive evolution enhances pathogenicity of Mycobacterium ulcerans
• Molecular genetics of the most endangered canid: the Ethiopian wolf Canis simensis
• Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo
• TRUTH IN THE BONES: RESOLVING THE IDENTITY OF THE FOUNDING ELITE THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES
• Microbial Community Structure of Relict Niter-Beds Previously Used for Saltpeter Production
• Effects of Active Volcanism on Bacterial Communities in the Highest-Altitude Crater Lake of Ojos del Salado (Dry Andes, Altiplano-Atacama Region)
• A phylogenetic supertree of the fowls (Galloanserae, Aves)
• Naming the chaos: generic redelimitation in Schismatoglottideae (Araceae)
• PATTERNS OF SPECIATION IN DROSOPHILA
• The phylogeny and classification of Neuropogon and Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited
• Mitochondrial DNA variation in water shrews (Sorexpalustris,Sorexbendirii) from western North America: implications for taxonomy and phylogeography
• The Morphology of Tribosphenomys (Rodentiaformes, Mammalia): Phylogenetic Implications for Basal Glires
• Proposal of 'Candidatus Frankia californiensis', the uncultured symbiont in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of a phylogenetically broad group of hosts endemic to western North America
• Frankia canadensis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Alnus incana subspecies rugosa
• Analysis of genetic relationships in horse breeds
• Ecological diversification and phylogeny of emydid turtles
• Molecular evolution of Agaricus species based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences
• Phylogenetic relationships and species concepts in Parmelia s. str. (Parmeliaceae) inferred from nuclear ITS rDNA and β-tubulin sequences
• Another example of cryptic diversity in lichen-forming fungi: the new species Parmelia mayi (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)
• Parmelia barrenoae, a new lichen species related to Parmelia sulcata (Parmeliaceae) based on molecular and morphological data
• Parmelia sulcata(Ascomycota:Parmeliaceae), a sympatric monophyletic species complex
• Neogene diversification in the temperate lichen-forming fungal genus Parmelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)
• Origin of the eastern brownsnake, Pseudonaja textilis (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) in New Guinea: evidence of multiple dispersals from Australia, and comments on the status of Pseudonaja textilis pughi Hoser 2003
• A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land
• Slow worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) as a species complex: Genetic structure reveals deep divergences
• Bulldog Ants of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands and History of the Subfamily (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)
• Molecular data resolve placement of the Olympic marmot and estimate dates of trans-Beringian interchange
• Vestigial Chloroplasts in Heterotrophic Stramenopiles Pteridomonas danica and Ciliophrys infusionum (Dictyochophyceae)
• A MULTILOCUS TEST OF SIMULTANEOUS DIVERGENCE ACROSS THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA USING SNAPPING SHRIMP IN THE GENUSALPHEUS
• Evolutionary deterioration of the vomeronasal pheromone transduction pathway in catarrhine primates
• The Vestigial Olfactory Receptor Subgenome of Odontocete Whales: Phylogenetic Congruence between Gene-Tree Reconciliation and Supermatrix Methods
• Evolution of the army ant syndrome: The origin and long-term evolutionary stasis of a complex of behavioral and reproductive adaptations
• Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae tribe Amaryllideae based on nrDNA ITS sequences and morphology
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times among Mustelids (Mammalia: Carnivora) Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Nuclear Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein and Mitochondrial CytochromebGenes
• Molecular Phylogeny of the Marmots (Rodentia: Sciuridae): Tests of Evolutionary and Biogeographic Hypotheses
• Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals
• Metteniusaceae, an early‐diverging family in the lamiid clade
• The molecular phylogeny of Rebutia (Cactaceae) and its allies demonstrates the influence of paleogeography on the evolution of South American mountain cacti
• Molecular Systematics of the Scaled Quail Complex (Genus Callipepla)
• Mammalian phylogeny inferred from multiple protein data.
• Phylogenetic place of guinea pigs: no support of the rodent-polyphyly hypothesis from maximum-likelihood analyses of multiple protein sequences.
• Phylogenetic Relationships of Oryzomine Rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): Separate and Combined Analyses of Morphological and Molecular Data
• Evidence from 18 S Ribosomal RNA Sequences that Lampreys and Hagfishes form a Natural Group
• The ‘Tully monster’ is a vertebrate
• The revision of species‐rich genera: a phylogenetic framework for the strategic revision of Pilea (Urticaceae) based on cpDNA, nrDNA, and morphology
• DNA phylogeny of the extinct marsupial wolf
• Molecular analysis of a 11 700‐year‐old rodent midden from the Atacama Desert, Chile
• Phylogeny of the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) based on morphological andndhF sequence data
• Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L.
• Phylogeny and Evolution of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes): A Test of Alternative Modes of Speciation
• Molecular phylogenetics of the bee-eaters (Aves: Meropidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data
• Likelihood-Based Tests of Topologies in Phylogenetics
• Evidence for strong inter- and intracontinental phylogeographic structure in Amanita muscaria, a wind-dispersed ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete
• Asynchronous Colonization of Madagascar by the Four Endemic Clades of Primates, Tenrecs, Carnivores, and Rodents as Inferred from Nuclear Genes
• A molecular approach to comparative phylogeography of extant Malagasy lemurs
• Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene
• Origin and evolutionary relationships of giant Galápagos tortoises
• Multiple Origins of Lichen Symbioses in Fungi Suggested by SSU rDNA Phylogeny
• Mazaedium evolution in the Ascomycota (Fungi) and the classification of mazaediate groups of formerly unclear relationship
• Ancient mitochondrial DNA and morphology elucidate an extinct island radiation of Indian Ocean giant tortoises (Cylindraspis)
• Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence
• Relaciones filogenéticas de Rhodolirium montanum Phil. y especies afines, basadas en secuencias nucleotídicas de la región ITS y análisis cariotípico
• Recent Loss of Vitamin C Biosynthesis Ability in Bats
• The Never-ending Story: Multigene Approaches to the Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae
• First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
• First detection and molecular identification of a pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia, R. massiliae, from Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks infesting dogs in southern Taiwan
• Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species
• First detection and genetic identification of Rickettsia infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks collected from Southern Taiwan
• Molecular analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), an incriminated vector tick for Babesia vogeli in Taiwan
• Sequestrate Lactarius species from tropical Africa: L. angiocarpus sp. nov. and L. dolichocaulis comb. nov.
• The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa
• Phylogenomic analysis of type 1 NADH:Quinone oxidoreductase
• Phylogenetic relationships among Indriidae (Primates, Strepsirhini) inferred from highly repeated DNA band patterns
• Novel Hyper Antimony-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Mine Soils in China
• Antimony-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Antimony-Contaminated Sediment – A Phylogenetic Study
• Phylogenetic Relationships within Nyctaginaceae Tribe Nyctagineae: Evidence from Nuclear and Chloroplast Genomes
• DNA barcoding and evolutionary relationships in Accipiter Brisson, 1760 (Aves, Falconiformes: Accipitridae) with a focus on African and Eurasian representatives
• Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms
• Phylogenetic perspectives on biome shifts in Leucocoryne (Alliaceae) in relation to climatic niche evolution in western South America
• Impacts of terraces on phylogenetic inference
• Steinernema ralatorein. sp. Isolated from Sugarcane Areas at Veracruz, Mexico
• Evolutionary differentiation of bimaculatus group anoles based on analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite data
• Evolutionary Relationships of the Anolis bimaculatus Group from the Northern Lesser Antilles
• Intra‐ and interbreed genetic variations of mitochondrial DNA major non‐coding regions in Japanese native dog breeds [Canis familiaris)
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Character Evolution of <I>Rhodiola</I> (Crassulaceae) based on Nuclear Ribosomal ITS and Plastid <I>trnL-F</I> and <I>psbA-trnH</I> Sequences
• MEDIDA EXPERIMENTAL DE LAS DEFORMACIONES A LARGO PLAZO EN DOS VIGAS HIPERESTATICAS POSTESADAS
• Prevalence of HPV and variation of HPV 16/HPV 18 E6/E7 genes in cervical cancer in women in South West China
• Lentzea chajnantorensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium from a very high altitude Cerro Chajnantor gravel soil in northern Chile
• Streptomyces aridus sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and emended description of Streptomyces noboritoensis Isono et al. 1957
• Modestobacter excelsi sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil
• Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil
• Modestobacter altitudinis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Atacama Desert soil
• A newSphagesaurus(Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae
• Bortforsling av kaxblandat vatten från borrningar via dagvattenledningar : riskanalys, karaktärisering av kaxvatten och reningsmetoder
• Systematics of Symphyotrichinae (Asteraceae: Astereae): Disagreements Between Two Nuclear Regions Suggest a Complex Evolutionary History
• Evaluación del germoplasma de Ilex paraguariensis e Ilex dumosa (Aquifoliaceae)
• Molecular phylogeny of the endemic Philippine rodent Apomys (Muridae) and the dynamics of diversification in an oceanic archipelago
• Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of the Tit-Tyrants (Aves: Tyrannidae)
• New Chinese turtles: endangered or invalid? A reassessment of two species using mitochondrial DNA, allozyme electrophoresis and known-locality specimens
• Tripartite genetic subdivisions in the ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus)
• Fourfold polyphyly of the genus formerly known as Upucerthia, with notes on the systematics and evolution of the avian subfamily Furnariinae
• Systematics of disjunct northeastern Asian and northern North AmericanAllium(Amaryllidaceae)
• A genetic survey of heavily exploited, endangered turtles: caveats on the conservation value of trade animals
• Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach
• Phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Adiantum based on five plastid markers
• Phylogeography of the Variable Dwarf-KingfisherCeyx Lepidus(Aves: Alcedinidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
• PHYLOGENY AND DISJUNCTION IN ROSCOEA (ZINGIBERACEAE)
• Phylogenetics of Mentha (Lamiaceae): Evidence from Chloroplast DNA Sequences
• Chloroplast Phylogeny of Asplenioid Ferns based on rbcL and trnL-F Spacer Sequences (Polypodiidae, Aspleniaceae) and its Implications for Biogeography
• Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences
• Phylogenetics and biogeography of Mascarene angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae)
• Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer
• Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences
• Seeing the wood for the trees: philosophical aspects of classical, Bayesian and likelihood approaches in statistical inference and some implications for phylogenetic analysis
• Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Patterns in Gaylussacia (Ericaceae) based on Morphological, Nuclear DNA, and Chloroplast DNA Variation
• Clonal Fidelity in Large Colonies of Gaylussacia brachycera Gray (Box Huckleberry) Assessed by DNA Fingerprinting
• Phylogeny and biogeography of Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae) inferred from nuclear and limited plastid non-coding DNA sequences
• Generic level phylogeny of Thalictroideae (Ranunculaceae) — implications for the taxonomic status of Paropyrum and petal evolution
• Interkingdom Host Jumping Underground: Phylogenetic Analysis of Entomoparasitic Fungi of the Genus Cordyceps
• Phylogenetic relationships among Lemuridae (Primates): evidence from mtDNA
• Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context
• Phylogenetic systematics ofErythronium(Liliaceae): morphological and molecular analyses
• Molecular phylogenetic analysis ofTulipa(Liliaceae) based on noncoding plastid and nuclear DNA sequences with an emphasis on Turkey
• Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences
• Higher level phylogenetic relationships of euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina) inferred from a combined analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data
• Phylogeny of the Gyalectales and Ostropales (Ascomycota, Fungi): among and within order relationships based on nuclear ribosomal RNA small and large subunits
• Supraordinal phylogenetic relationships of Lecanoromycetes based on a Bayesian analysis of combined nuclear and mitochondrial sequences
• Performance of four ribosomal DNA regions to infer higher-level phylogenetic relationships of inoperculate euascomycetes (Leotiomyceta)
• The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited
• Twenty‐first century advances in knowledge of the biology of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes): a new morphological analysis and moa diagnoses revised
• Symbiotic lifestyle and phylogenetic relationships of the bionts of Mastodia tessellata (Ascomycota, incertae sedis)
• Molecular data support placement of Cameronia in Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)
• Population structure and phylogenetic characterization of marine benthic Archaea in deep-sea sediments. [europepmc]
• Phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut. [europepmc]
• Genetic diversity among Lassa virus strains. [europepmc]
• A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land. [europepmc]
• Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. [europepmc]
• Evolution of the core and pan-genome of Streptococcus: positive selection, recombination, and genome composition. [europepmc]
• Mechanisms of GII.4 norovirus persistence in human populations. [europepmc]
• Multiple multilocus DNA barcodes from the plastid genome discriminate plant species equally well. [europepmc]
• Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. [europepmc]
• Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas. [europepmc]
• Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella. [europepmc]
• Renewing Felsenstein's phylogenetic bootstrap in the era of big data. [europepmc]
• Sequence and cultivation study of Muribaculaceae reveals novel species, host preference, and functional potential of this yet undescribed family. [europepmc]
• Model selection may not be a mandatory step for phylogeny reconstruction. [europepmc]
• Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus. [europepmc]
• Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. [europepmc]
• Laccase Properties, Physiological Functions, and Evolution. [europepmc]
• Genomic variance of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus. [europepmc]
• Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2. [europepmc]
• New Methods to Calculate Concordance Factors for Phylogenomic Datasets. [europepmc]
• A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. [europepmc]
• Ultrafast Sample placement on Existing tRees (UShER) enables real-time phylogenetics for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. [europepmc]
• Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa. [europepmc]
• The evolution of primate malaria parasites based on the gene encoding cytochrome b from the linear mitochondrial genome. [europepmc]
• Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. [europepmc]

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