Systematic risk behavior of financially distressed firms

1976/05/01 by Marion M. Bradford, Richard W. McEnally, Rebecca B. Todd · 1 voice · 482 citations
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Business, Management and Accounting · #Credit Risk and Financial Regulations #Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction #Corporate Finance and Governance

paper · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Abstract

The apparent decline in systematic or beta risk with the onset of financial distress is a result that has puzzled a number of researchers. This study validates this result with different data and a new criterion for identifying financial distress. An analytical model presented in this study suggests that the leverage-increasing impact of financial distresson systematic risk may be more than outweighed by possible declines in systematic earnings risk associated with such distress, and it provides empirical evidence that is generally consistent with this proposition. The diminution of systematic risk is unaffected by several variants in beta risk estimation, including the index-weighing scheme and allowance for the turn-of-year effect. While numerically large, the average systematic risk decline is not highly significant in a statistical sense due to considerable variation in the behavior of betas from company to company.

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• Proteins differentially expressed in conidia and mycelia of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliaesensu stricto
• Thermal stress and energy metabolism in two circumtropical decapod crustaceans: Responses to acute temperature events
• Improved oral bioavailability of alendronate via the mucoadhesive liposomal delivery system
• Temperature-dependent versatility shapes invasiveness in the tropical freshwater gastropod Melanoides tuberculata
• Spider venom potency exhibits phylogenetic prey specificity but does not trade-off with body size or silk use in prey capture
• The homeostasis of β‐alanine is key for Arabidopsis reproductive growth and development
• Ionizing radiation and melanism in Chornobyl tree frogs
• Overexpression of EcDREB2A transcription factor from finger millet in tobacco enhances tolerance to heat stress through ROS scavenging
• Purification and characterisation of an intracellular enzyme with β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58
• Pyrene actin: documentation of the validity of a sensitive assay for actin polymerization
• The muscle-specific enolase is an early marker of human myogenesis
• Unveiling the toxic effects, physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in exposure to organic ultraviolet filters
• The effect of silicon on antioxidant metabolism of wheat leaves infected by P yricularia oryzae
• Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis submitted to environmental and physiological stress
• Identification and Characterization of a Lysis Module Present in a Large Proportion of Bacteriophages Infecting Streptococcus thermophilus
• Insights into the interaction between stocking density and feeding rate in fish Megalobrama ambylcephala based on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and the GH-IGF1 axis
• In Silico Rational Design and Systems Engineering of Disulfide Bridges in the Catalytic Domain of an Alkaline α-Amylase from Alkalimonas amylolytica To Improve Thermostability
• The inhibition of myeloperoxidase by ceruloplasmin can be reversed by anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies
• Gold nanoparticle-assisted enhancement in the anti-cancer properties of theaflavin against human ovarian cancer cells
• Influence of acute salinity changes on biochemical, hematological and immune characteristics of Fenneropenaeus indicus during white spot syndrome virus challenge
• Cross-resistance to toxins used in pyramided Bt crops and resistance to Bt sprays in Helicoverpa zea
• Membrane‐penetrating trehalase from silkworm Bombyx mori . Molecular cloning and localization in larval midgut
• An interaction between the mammalian DNA repair protein XRCC1 and DNA ligase III.
• α1-Adrenergic effects and liver regeneration
• Fabrication of rice bran protein - sodium alginate - calcium double cross-linked foam template for oleogel preparation
• Proteomics Reveal the Profiles of Color Change in Brunfelsia acuminata Flowers
• Treated and untreated wastewater irrigation for roses: impacts on plant roots, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and carbohydrate metabolism
• Acute warming combined with hypoxia and hypercapnia challenges but does not overwhelm Ostrea edulis passive tolerance mechanisms
• Dopamine modulates antioxidant and phenolic responses to alleviate nickel stress in Salvia officinalis
• Harnessing carbon nanotubes in Moringa oleifera micropropagation for enhanced morphological traits, phytochemicals, and phytohormones production
• Predictive chemoproteomics and functional validation reveal Coeae6g-mediated insecticide cross-resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
• Engineering O 2 -Tolerant Chimeric Hydrogenases Optimized for Ferredoxin Coupling in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
• Formate as electron carrier in the gut acetogen Blautia luti : a model for electron transfer in the gut microbiome
• Time Constraints Modulate the Effects of Predator Cues and a Metal Across Life Stages in a Damselfly
• Rhodobacterales use a unique L‐threonine kinase for the assembly of the nucleotide loop of coenzyme B12
• Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of fluvoxamine during the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice
• Rapid larval development under time stress reduces adult life span through increasing oxidative damage
• From Genome to Function: Metabolism-Wide Models of Lifecycle Stages of Parasites
• Living on the edge: Temperature and salinity performance curves across levels of biological organization in a shallow water shrimp
• Acidification by nitrogen metabolism triggers extracellular biopolymer production in an oleaginous yeast
• Combined climate stressors constrain various mechanisms for thermal tolerance in the scallop Pecten maximus
• Induction of Trehalase in Arabidopsis Plants Infected With the Trehalose-Producing Pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae
• Impact of Sex on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Rosiglitazone in Modulating White Adipose Tissue Function and Insulin Sensitivity
• Embedding a feruloyl esterase active site into a thermophilic endoxylanase scaffold for the degradation of feruloylated xylans
• Low oxygen stress alters response to sublethal copper exposure without inducing cross-tolerance in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
• Overcoming P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells through micelle-forming PHPMA-b-PPO diblock copolymers for doxorubicin delivery
• Patient-specific mutation of contact site protein Tomm70 causes neurodegeneration
• Deletion of fbiC in Streptomyces venezuelae removes autofluorescence in the excitation-emission range of cyan fluorescent protein
• Cell Wall–Based Machine Learning Models to Predict Plant Growth Using Onion Epidermis
• FlgM gains structure in living cells
• Low-cost (<€5), open-source, potential alternative to commercial spectrophotometers
• Development of a gut microbiota model for the analysis of bacterial modifications of xenobiotics
• Flavour of fermented fish, insect, game, and pea sauces: Garum revisited
• Volatile compounds, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Colatura di Alici, a traditional Italian fish sauce
• Comparative assessment of microplastics and microalgae as vectors of mercury and chlorpyrifos in the copepod Acartia tonsa
• Cell-free chemoenzymatic starch synthesis from carbon dioxide
• Competition for the conserved branch point sequence influences physiological outcomes in pre-mRNA splicing
• Ozone affects shikimate pathway genes and secondary metabolites in saplings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) grown under greenhouse conditions
• Amiodarone disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis and impairs myogenic progression and locomotor function in zebrafish embryos
• Effects of shading on the growth and coumarin biosynthesis of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
• Wheat Genotype S615 Carrying the Rmg8 Gene Exhibits Enhanced Antioxidant Defense for Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum
• Low oxidative stress of cephalopod early life stages under chronic and intermittent hypoxia
• A Cytochrome c ‐Containing Periplasmic Nitrate Reductase in the Acetogen Sporomusa ovata
• Identification of MscS as a Key L‐Glutamate Exporter in Bacillus methanolicus
• Valorization of walnut shells into bioactive lignin nanoparticles: an eco-friendly hydrothermal synthesis of Se/MgO-doped composites for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy
• Anthropogenic particles and legacy pollutants combined with transcriptomic and multi-biomarker responses for an integrated assessment of the health status of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in two locations of the Bay of Biscay
• Molecular landscape of therapeutic deep eutectic systems selective toxicity towards colorectal cancer
• Downregulation of KDM4A Suppresses the Survival of Glioma Cells by Promoting Autophagy
• The exogenous application of AtPGLR, an endo‐polygalacturonase, triggers pollen tube burst and repair
• Early responses of maize seedlings to Cu stress include sharp decreases in gibberellins and jasmonates in the root apex
• Wildfire ash undermines the physiology of the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa
• The roles of H2S and H2O2 in regulating AsA-GSH cycle in the leaves of wheat seedlings under drought stress
• Mitochondrial complex I assembles via a distal‐pump module (PD)‐early and PD‐late pathway in maize
• Cloning and biochemical characterization of the fucanase FcnA: definition of a novel glycoside hydrolase family specific for sulfated fucans
• Biocontrol potential of Saccharomyces as a sustainable approach targeting Spodoptera frugiperda
• Latent stress response in translocated eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
• Removal, bioaccumulation, and metabolization of the fluoroquinolone flumequine by Potamogeton pusillus L.
• LINC01638 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endometriosis epithelial cells by up-regulating RHOB via HDAC1 suppression
• Characterization of the Calmodulin-Like Protein Family in Chara braunii and their Conserved Interaction with the Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Activator Family
• Changes in physicochemical quality and antioxidant system of grapes by kaolin applied to reduce bunch compactness
• Stages of oocyte development in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio
• Barbatula nuda: an economically valuable freshwater fish that accepts phytoplankton as first food
• Non-consumptive effects of native, alien and invasive alien crayfish on damselfly egg life history and carry-over effects on larval physiology
• Grapevine cell response to carbon deficiency requires transcriptome and methylome reprogramming
• A novel proteinaceous cytotoxin from the northern Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L.) with structural homology to cubozoan haemolysins
• Chloroplasts lacking class I glutaredoxins are functional but show a delayed recovery of protein cysteinyl redox state after oxidative challenge
• The impact of oxybenzone on the neurophysiological and oxidative stress response, dispersal and aggressiveness of the Invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
• Dissecting the Molecular Regulation of Natural Variation in Growth and Senescence of Two Eutrema salsugineum Ecotypes
• Structural design of diblock glycopolymers modulates galectin affinity
• Putative involvement of lncRNA , miRNA , and mRNA ‐mediated ceRNA network regulation in drought priming to enhance drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum
• A novel alcohol dehydrogenase in the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Hyperthermus butylicus
• RETRACTED ARTICLE: Betaine alleviates doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the NLRP3/SIRT1 pathway
• Harnessing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis to Enhance Growth and Resilience to Combined Drought and Heat Stress in Lily (Lilium spp.)
• Effects of foliar‐ and root‐applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus
• Cytotoxicity of goniothalamin enantiomers in renal cancer cells: Involvement of nitric oxide, apoptosis and autophagy
• Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the Arabidopsis proteome
• A critical electrostatic interaction mediates inhibitor recognition by human asparagine synthetase
• Meiobenthic stocks and benthic activity on the NE-Svalbard shelf and in the Nansen Basin
• The transcription factor CtWRKY41 acts as a hub gene enhancing low-nitrogen tolerance in Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt․
• Ilioinguinal approach を用いた寛骨臼骨折の2例
• Effects of lamotrigine on behavior, oxidative parameters and signaling cascades in rats exposed to the chronic mild stress model
• An in vivo and in vitro assessment of TOR signaling cascade in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
• Potassium application mitigates salt stress differentially at different growth stages in tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids
• High temperature effects on ammonium assimilation in leaves of two Festuca arundinacea cultivars with different heat susceptibility
• Active and inactive state structures of unliganded Lactobacillus casei allosteric L‐lactate dehydrogenase
• Functional characterization and proteomic analysis of the nucleocapsid protein of porcine deltacoronavirus
• Molecular Organic Materials: List of chemical abbreviations
• Lethal and sub lethal effects of the biocide chlorhexidine on aquatic organisms
• Cell cycle profiles and expressions of p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 during myocyte development
• Some Trichoderma strains and nitrogen fertilisation impact on Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae
• Identification of iron-acquisition proteins ofAvibacterium paragallinarum
• Modulating effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on wheat-induced resistance to Schizaphis graminum
• Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Feather Peptide, a Welcoming Drug for Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Structural Analysis and Characterization
• Developmental stage-stratified leaf defence: β-1,3-glucanase switching and redox crosstalk drive metal tolerance in soybean
• Changes in leaf morphology, antioxidant activity and photosynthesis capacity in two different drought-tolerant cultivars of chrysanthemum during and after water stress
• Computationally guided genome rewiring of Escherichia coli and its application for nanopolyethylene terephthalate (PET) biodegradation and upcycling
• A simplified approach for measuring Rubisco carbon isotope fractionation and the first determination in marine haptophyte Gephyrocapsa oceanica
• Postharvest chlorine dioxide spray as a strategy to maintain quality in ‘Monterrey’ strawberry fruits
• Enhanced phenylalanine biosynthesis amplifies light-stress-driven phenylpropanoid production in Arabidopsis
• Purification and characterization of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and a possible role of the enzyme in oxalate metabolism
• Improving pork quality traits by a short-term dietary hydroxy methionine supplementation at levels above growth requirements in finisher pigs
• The global, ppGpp‐mediated stringent response to amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli
• Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 1. Intestinal weight and mucosal development
• Efficient biodegradation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and pyrethroid pesticides by the novel strain Klebsiella pneumoniae BPBA052
• Cytochromes c of the anaerobic methacrylate reducer Geobacter sulfurreducens AM-1
• Overcoming outer membrane barrier in gram-negative bacteria by PCNP-PVP-SE1 phage endolysin: Evidence from molecular docking, molecular dynamics and experimental analyses
• Hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage through up‐regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, p53, c‐myc, and bax‐α, and suppression of bcl‐2
• La lucha contra la delincuencia en el nacionalsocialismo
• Salinity stress alters ion homeostasis, antioxidant activities and the production of rosmarinic acid, luteolin and apigenin in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss
• Distribution of non-structural nitrogen and carbohydrate compounds in mature oak trees in a temperate forest at four key phenological stages
• On-site cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of ball-milled corn stover
• The optimal feeding frequency of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea, Richardson) larvae
• Extraction of pectin from ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) peel: Optimization and structural characterization
• Agronomic and physio-biochemical responses of lettuce to exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) applied under different irrigation regimes
• Physiological and biochemical determinants of drought tolerance in tetraploid vs diploid sour orange citrus rootstock
• Antifungal Action by Streptomyces globisporus Strain WB03 Against Fusarium cugenangense Causing Gastrodia elata Tuber Rot Disease
• The TgIAA7-TgARF10- TgProDH1 module regulates waterlogging-mediated proline accumulation in the gymnosperm Torreya grandis
• Recovery of alkaline proteinases from fisheries wastes: biochemical characterization and applications
• Dissimilar Reactions and Enzymes for Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Inocybe and Psilocybe Mushrooms
• Optimization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation via photo-enzymatic cascade process
• Enhancing crop biomass and disease resistance using Moringa oleifera-derived copper and copper (I) oxide nanoparticles for sustainable food security
• Dual control by regulatory gene fdsR of the fds operon encoding the NAD+‐linked formate dehydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha
• Integrative ecological insights and green phytochemical profiling of Commiphora gileadensis L.: a native medicinal resource in Saudi Arabia
• Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Syzygium aromaticum extract promote cancer cell death by targeting redox and inflammatory pathways
• Osmoregulation and hypoxia tolerance in the cenote isopod Creaseriella anops : insights into its distribution in karst subterranean estuaries
• Sperm insulin-like growth factor 2 protein levels: implications for early embryo development
• Heterologous expression and functional characterization of two alginate lyases in corynebacterium glutamicum
• RoCi—a single-step multi-copy integration system based on rolling-circle replication
• Proteomic Analysis Demonstrates Adolescent Vulnerability to Lasting Hippocampal Changes Following Chronic Alcohol Consumption
• Characterization of the latex clearing protein of the poly(<i>cis</i>-1,4-isoprene) and poly(<i>trans</i>-1,4-isoprene) degrading bacterium <i>Nocardia nova</i> SH22a
• p53 is necessary for the adaptive changes in cellular milieu subsequent to an acute bout of endurance exercise
• STAT-3, ELK-1, and c- Jun contributes IL-6 mediated ADAMTS-8 upregulation in colorectal cancer
• Morin hydrate treatment minimizes Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced uterine fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mice
• Demonstration of Levan and Alginate in Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) Infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola
• Diagnostic potential ofFasciola gigantica-derived 14.5 kDa fatty acid binding protein in the immunodiagnosis of bubaline fascioliasis
• Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate increases cold tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and enhances protein pool and antioxidant defense in sex-specific manner
• Reelin expression is up-regulated in mice colon in response to acute colitis and provides resistance against colitis
• Quantitation of growth factors IGF-I, SGF/IGF-II, and TGF-β in human dentin
• Phenolic linked anti-hyperglycemic bioactives of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars as nutraceuticals targeting type 2 diabetes
• Acute moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise promotes purinergic and inflammatory responses in sedentary, overweight and physically active subjects
• Circular extrachromosomal DNA codes for a surface protein in the (+) mating type of the zygomycete Absidia glauca
• The Plus End-Directed Microtubule (Kinesin-3 Family) Motor Protein KIF13B Is Associated with the Photoreceptor Synaptic Ribbon Complex
• Biochemical characterization and modulation by abscisic acid of aminopeptidase‐N activity in the digestive tract of Dentudo Oligosarcus jenynsii from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
• Exogenous spermidine differentially alters activities of some scavenging system enzymes, H2O2 and superoxide radical levels in water-stressed cucumber leaves
• Enzymatic and physico-chemical characteristics of recombinant cMDH and mMDH of Clonorchis sinensis
• Relationships between fruit set, pollen-tube growth, and S-RNase concentration in the self-incompatible Japanese pear
• The Wheat Intrinsically Disordered Protein TdRL1 Negatively Regulates the Type One Protein Phosphatase TdPP1
• Identification of Diaphorina citri Proteins with Affinity to ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the Putative Pathogen of Citrus Greening Disease
• Key genes in a “Galloylation-Degalloylation cycle” controlling the synthesis of hydrolyzable tannins in strawberry plants
• Improvement of β‐Xylosidase and Endoxylanase Activities in Talaromyces amestolkiae by Genetic Manipulation of the Transcriptional Activator XlnR
• Sensitivity to microcystins: A comparative study in human cell lines with and without multidrug resistance phenotype
• Aerobiology and allergenicity ofpinus radiatapollen in new zealand
• Oxidative Stress and Enantioselective Degradation of Dufulin on Tubifex
• Synthesis of nitrogen-containing oleanolic acid derivatives as carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
• The influence of sublethal doses of imidacloprid on protein content and proteolytic activity in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
• The effect of a novel dietary supplement based on fishery industry waste hydrolysate, essential fatty acids and phytochemicals on honey bee nuclei development
• Berberine chloride mediates its antileishmanial activity by inhibiting Leishmania mitochondria
• Simulation of the Anaerobic Process for the Biogas Production
• Rheological Characterization of Anaerobic Sludge from Agricultural and Bio‐Waste Biogas Plants
• Insights into physiological responses of mosses Physcomitrella patens and Pohlia drummondii to lichen secondary metabolites
• H2S induces NO in the regulation of AsA-GSH cycle in wheat seedlings by water stress
• Molecular biology [wikipedia]
• Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: inhibition of beta-amyloid-stimulated proinflammatory responses and neurotoxicity by PPARgamma agonists. [europepmc]
• Neurocan is upregulated in injured brain and in cytokine-treated astrocytes. [europepmc]
• beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis. [europepmc]
• Rice phosphate transporters include an evolutionarily divergent gene specifically activated in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. [europepmc]
• A cell surface receptor complex for fibrillar beta-amyloid mediates microglial activation. [europepmc]
• Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. [europepmc]
• Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is required for metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression. [europepmc]
• The target of ezetimibe is Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1). [europepmc]
• The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lipin homolog is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme. [europepmc]
• Using circular dichroism spectra to estimate protein secondary structure. [europepmc]
• Protein production and purification. [europepmc]
• MicroRNA-mediated systemic down-regulation of copper protein expression in response to low copper availability in Arabidopsis. [europepmc]
• The global, ppGpp-mediated stringent response to amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli. [europepmc]
• Selected reaction monitoring for quantitative proteomics: a tutorial. [europepmc]
• Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients. [europepmc]
• Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. [europepmc]
• Age related changes in NAD+ metabolism oxidative stress and Sirt1 activity in wistar rats. [europepmc]
• Reprogramming of tRNA modifications controls the oxidative stress response by codon-biased translation of proteins. [europepmc]
• Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue. [europepmc]
• HDAC8 mutations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle. [europepmc]
• Brown adipose tissue regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. [europepmc]
• A pathway coordinated by DELE1 relays mitochondrial stress to the cytosol. [europepmc]
• Somatic expression of herpes thymidine kinase in mice following injection of a fusion gene into eggs. [europepmc]
• Cloning and characterization of hOGG1, a human homolog of the OGG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [europepmc]
• Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. [europepmc]

Discussions

• A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding doi.org/10.1016/0003... by M. M. Bradford [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]

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