A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences

1980/06/01 by Motoo Kimura · 29,938 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Biology #Divergence (linguistics) #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #Evolutionary biology #Gene #Genetics #Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies #Molecular evolution #Mutation #Nucleotide #Phylogenetic tree #RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms #Rate of evolution #Transversion #Type (biology)

paper · doi:10.1007/bf01731581

published in Journal of Molecular Evolution 16(2), 111-120 (Springer Science+Business Media)

openalex publication_date 1980/06/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06

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• Harnischia complex (Diptera, Chironomidae): systematic notes featuring a new species and two new records from India
• A new species of Alticola (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolinae) from southern Tibet, China
• Multiple tools to investigate the origin of the exotic species Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ( W albaum, 1792) ( S almonidae) in the world's largest chocked coastal lagoon
• The design and testing of taxon-specific mini-barcode markers for metabarcoding of marine zooplankton
• Evolutionary history of the snooks: Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the genus Centropomus
• Ganoderma adspersum, the Cause of Extensive Wood Decay of Almond Trees in California Orchards
• When Complex Models Fit the Wrong Mechanistic Complexity in Phylogenomic Analysis
• Ninetine spiders in Brazilian Caatinga and Cerrado: revision of Kambiwa and description of Sertana gen. nov. (Araneae, Pholcidae), with analyses of predicted range shifts due to climate change
• Towards consistent termite identification: a workflow and insights from West African savannah termite assemblages
• A new species of the genus Typhlomys Milne-Edwards, 1877 (Rodentia, Platacanthomyidae) from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou, China
• DNA barcoding of freshwater zooplankton in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan
• A barcode-based outlook on the Western European Setina Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
• Performance of a new invariants method on homogeneous and non-homogeneous quartet trees
• Molecular strategies for identification and characterization of some wild edible mushrooms of Nagaland, India
• Neofusicoccum parvum and Diaporthe foeniculina associated with twig and shoot blight and branch canker of citrus in Greece
• Detection of human metapneumovirus in respiratory secretions by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence, and virus isolation in human bronchial epithelial cells
• The Effect of Geographical Scale of Sampling on DNA Barcoding
• A Novel Bayesian Method for Inferring and Interpreting the Dynamics of Adaptive Landscapes from Phylogenetic Comparative Data
• A novel highly boron tolerant bacterium, Bacillus boroniphilus sp. nov., isolated from soil, that requires boron for its growth
• Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the Sicista concolor group (Mammalia, Rodentia, Sicistidae) with the description of a new species
• Genera and species in acetic acid bacteria
• Metrics and Harmonic Analysis on DNA
• A Probabilistic Framework for Imputing Genetic Distances in Spatiotemporal Pathogen Models
• On the group theoretical background of assigning stepwise mutations onto phylogenies
• Barcoding of biting midges in the genus Culicoides : a tool for species determination
• Molecular evidence linking the larval and adult stages of Mexiconema cichlasomae (Dracunculoidea: Daniconematidae) from Mexico, with notes on its phylogenetic position among Dracunculoidea
• Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL
• Phylogenetic Position and Taxonomic Classification of Aethionema trinervium (Brassicaceae): A Morphologically Variable Subshrub from Southwestern Asia1
• Evolution of the polyphyletic genus Pleurastrum (Chlorophyta): inferences from nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA sequences and motile cell ultrastructure
• Historical and present-day records on African termites: revisiting the diversity and distribution of Macrotermes in Namibia after six decades
• Unveiling hákarl: A study of the microbiota of the traditional Icelandic fermented fish
• Three new species of Neodon (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Sichuan and Xizang, China
• A new species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
• First record of the family Sapygidae (Hymenoptera: Pompiloidea) from Iraq, with taxonomic notes on the West Palaearctic species of Sapyginae
• Large-scale simulation of RNA macroevolution by an energy-dependent fitness model
• Gradients do grow on trees: a linear-time \cal O\hspace-0.2em( N )-dimensional gradient for statistical phylogenetics
• The Historical Biogeography of Fagaceae: Tracking the Tertiary History of Temperate and Subtropical Forests of the Northern Hemisphere
• Unveiling the shelf life: a new cryptic species of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from South America revealed by an integrative taxonomy approach
• A new species of supergiant Bathynomus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from the Paracel Islands, South China Sea
• Taxonomic revision of Geotrichum and Magnusiomyces , with the descriptions of five new Geotrichum species from China
• About the Number of Base Substitutions Between Humans and Common Chimpanzees
• Identification of strains assigned to the genus Gluconobacter Asai 1935 based on the sequence and the restriction analyses of the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions
• Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their application for rice cultivation under salt stress
• Neighbor-Joining Revealed
• Phylogeny of the rust fungi: an approach using nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences
• The space of phylogenetic mixtures for equivariant models
• Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica (Synonym: Phyllactinia taurica ): A Global Challenge for Pepper Production
• Analysis of high-dimensional Continuous Time Markov Chains using the Local Bouncy Particle Sampler
• Genomic-Informed Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Spatiotemporal Avian Influenza Outbreak Forecasting
• Distribution and phylogenetic relationships of the Mexican large-toothed shrew Sorex macrodon
• Microbulbifer hainanensis sp. nov., a moderately halopilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment
• Bacillus lacisalsi sp. nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a saline–alkaline lake
• On Anguillosyllis cf. hessleri Maciolek, 2020 – A species complex from the Clarion-Clipperton zone, abyssal central Pacific
• Random Substitution-Insertion-Deletion (RSID) Model of Molecular Evolution with Alignment-free Parameter Estimation
• Dating Dispersal and Radiation in the Gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales)—Clock Calibration When Outgroup Relationships Are Uncertain
• Piroplasms in brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Namibia and South Africa are closely related to Babesia lengau
• The Piroplasmida Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Theileria in farm and companion animals: species compilation, molecular phylogeny, and evolutionary insights
• The molecular phylogeny of trypanosomes: evidence for an early divergence of the Salivaria
• Molecular and morphological delineations of two homothallic monoicous species, Volvox sagami sp. nov . and V. ferrisii (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) in Japan
• An integrated molecular and morphological study of the subfamily Suaedoideae Ulbr. (Chenopodiaceae)
• The internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA in the gymnosperm Gnetum
• Status and relationships of the extinct giant Canary Island lizard Gallotia goliath (Reptilia: Lacertidae), assessed using ancient mtDNA from its mummified remains
• Environmental kinetoplastid-like 18S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships among Trypanosomatidae: Paraphyly of the genus Trypanosoma
• Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
• Phylogeny of tremellomycetous yeasts and related dimorphic and filamentous basidiomycetes reconstructed from multiple gene sequence analyses
• A DNA barcode library for the water mites of Montenegro
• Mitochondrial DNA patterns describe the evolutionary history of the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo (Linneus 1758) complex in the western Atlantic Ocean
• Soil pH modulates the activity of low-affinity methane oxidation in soils from the Amazon region
• A new parasitic barnacle (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Rhizocephala, Mycetomorpha) from the abyssal zone in the northwestern Pacific
• Molecular population genetics, phylogeography, and conservation biology of the mottled duck (Anas fulvigula)
• A nuclear genome assembly of an extinct flightless bird, the little bush moa
• Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. nov., with description of Raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., Raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and Raoultella planticola comb. nov.
• Phylogenetic assessment within a species complex of a subterranean rodent (Geomys bursarius) with conservation implications for isolated subspecies
• Description of a new species of Aegla (Decapoda, Anomura) from the Paraná 3 hydrographic basin, Brazil
• Three Ilyarachna species (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae) showing different bathymetric distributions in Japan and Kuril-Kamchatka Trenches, with descriptions of two new species
• Fourier transform inequalities for phylogenetic trees
• Empar: EM-based algorithm for parameter estimation of Markov models on trees
• On-road remote sensing of CO and HC emissions in California. Final report
• Characterizing viral within-host diversity in fast and non-equilibrium demo-genetic dynamics
• A new water mite species of the genus Teutonia Koenike, 1889 from Corsica, France, based on morphological data and DNA barcodes (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Teutoniidae)
• Multiple late‐Pleistocene colonisation events of the Antarctic pearlwortColobanthus quitensis(Caryophyllaceae) reveal the recent arrival of native Antarctic vascular flora
• Description of a new species of Histampica (Ophiuroidea: Ophiothamnidae) from cold seeps in the South China Sea and analysis of its mitochondrial genome
• DNA barcoding and elucidation of cryptic aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in India
• Mind the gap: DNA barcoding as a tool to delineate evolutionary units in Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae and Potamonautidae)
• H-Representation of the Kimura-3 Polytope
• Molecular phylogeny of Myricaceae: a reexamination of host–symbiont specificity
• Combined molecular and morphological evidence on the phylogeny of the earliest lepidopteran lineages
• Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Autosomal Sequences
• Domestication of the horse: Genetic relationships between domestic and wild horses
• Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of African Tilapiine Fishes Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
• Molecular divergence within the Oryzomys palustris complex: evidence for multiple species
• Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR
• Resurrection of Staurois parvus from S. tuberilinguis from Borneo (Amphibia, Ranidae)
• Palytoxin Found in Palythoa sp. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) Sold in the Home Aquarium Trade
• A new species of Galaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand
• Bathyraja leucomelanos, a new species of softnose skate (Chondrichthyes: Arhynchobatidae) from New Caledonia
• Genetic Screening for Prey in the Gut Contents from a Giant Squid (Architeuthis sp.)
• Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence
• Arion transsylvanus(Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae): rediscovery of a cryptic species
• Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)
• AN ENDEMIC RADIATION OF MALAGASY SONGBIRDS IS REVEALED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCE DATA
• Phylogeny of Sphaerium solidum (Bivalvia) based on karyotype and sequences of 16S and ITS1 rDNA
• Population structure and phylogeography of the mistletoes Tristerix corymbosus and T. aphyllus (Loranthaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequence variation
• A highly permeable species boundary between two anadromous fishes
• Morphology, Molecules, and Monogenean Parasites: An Example of an Integrative Approach to Cichlid Biodiversity
• A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF NORTH AMERICAN PLEUROCERIDAE (GASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA) BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 16S rDNA SEQUENCES
• A gleam in the dark: Phylogenetic species delimitation in the confusing spring-snail genus Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea: Amnicolidae)
• A cybertaxonomic revision of the micro-landsnail genus Plectostoma Adam (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae), from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Indochina
• Phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus): Analysis of MtDNA cytochrome b polymorphism
• Pseudonocardia oroxyli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from surface-sterilized Oroxylum indicum root
• Molecular Phylogeography of the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Populations in Xinjiang of China: Comparison with other Asian, European, and North American Populations
• Occurrence of Biomphalaria cousini (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Brazil and its susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminths: Trematoda)
• The hydrobioid freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea) of Greece: new records, taxonomic re-assessments using DNA sequence data and an update of the IUCN Red List Categories
• Molecular phylogenetics of the family Cyprinidae (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) as evidenced by sequence variation in the first intron of S7 ribosomal protein-coding gene: Further evidence from a nuclear gene of the systematic chaos in the family
• Phylogeography of the endangered tideland snail Batillaria zonalis in the Japanese and Ryukyu Islands
• Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and morphological diversity in the genus Mastus (Beck, 1837): a study in a recent (Holocene) island group (Koufonisi, south-east Crete)
• Ecological Release and Venom Evolution of a Predatory Marine Snail at Easter Island
• Geographic Variation in Venom Allelic Composition and Diets of the Widespread Predatory Marine Gastropod Conus ebraeus
• Rate variation between mitochondrial domains and adaptive evolution in humans
• DNA Barcode Identification of Freshwater Snails in the Family Bithyniidae from Thailand
• ROBERTSIELLA SILVICOLA, A NEW SPECIES OF TRICULINE SNAIL (CAENOGASTROPODA: POMATIOPSIDAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, INTERMEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMA MALAYENSIS (TREMATODA: DIGENEA)
• Rapid chromosomal evolution in the mesic four‐striped grass ratRhabdomys dilectus(Rodentia, Muridae) revealed by mtDNA phylogeographic analysis
• A new species of Andean poison frog, Andinobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae), from the northwestern Andes of Colombia
• Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito
• Molecular Systematics of the Genus Zoogloea and Emendation of the Genus
• Iheyaspira bathycodon new species (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae: Skeneinae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean
• Applying An Excellence Model to School
• Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA
• Enhancement of Growth and Grain Yield of Rice in Nutrient Deficient Soils by Rice Probiotic Bacteria
• Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences
• Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Genus Potorous (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) Based on Allozyme Electrophoresis and Sequence Analysis of the Cytochrome b Gene
• Hadamard Conjugation for the Kimura 3ST Model: Combinatorial Proof using Pathsets
• A review of Cyclidiinae from China (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae)
• GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN THE RESTRICTED RANGE OF THE ENDANGERED STEPHENS' KANGAROO RAT DIPODOMYS STEPHENSI
• Correction: Identification of a Novel Gammaretrovirus in Prostate Tumors of Patients Homozygous for R462Q RNASEL Variant
• Tempo and rates of diversification in the South American cichlid genus Apistogramma (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)
• Phylogeny of the family hydrocharitaceae inferred fromrbcL andmatK gene sequence data
• Analysis of the Draft Genome of the Red Seaweed Gracilariopsis chorda Provides Insights into Genome Size Evolution in Rhodophyta
• Sphingobacterium olei sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil
• Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family.
• Sulfur Metabolism of Hydrogenovibrio thermophilus Strain S5 and Its Adaptations to Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment
• Unravelling the tangle of the azecid land snails: a survey on the supraspecific systematics based on comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Orthurethra)
• Identification of commercial Ganoderma (Lingzhi) species by ITS2 sequences
• DNA barcode analysis of butterfly species fromPakistan points towards regional endemism
• New genera and species from the Equatorial Pacific provide phylogenetic insights into deep-sea Polynoidae (Annelida)
• Aquirufa ecclesiirivi sp. nov. and Aquirufa beregesia sp. nov., isolated from a small creek and classification of Allopseudarcicella aquatilis as a later heterotypic synonym of Aquirufa nivalisilvae
• Aquirufa antheringensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aquirufa nivalisilvae sp. nov., representing a new genus of widespread freshwater bacteria
• Phylogeny and phylogeography of the land hermit crab Coenobita purpureus (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in the Northwestern Pacific Region
• Molecular and morphological data reveal cryptic taxonomic diversity in the terrestrial slug complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae) in continental north-west Europe
• Description and molecular phylogeny of a new species of Phoronis (Phoronida) from Japan, with a redescription of topotypes of P. ijimai Oka, 1897
• A new phoronid species, Phoronis embryolabi, with a novel type of development, and consideration of phoronid taxonomy and DNA barcoding
• Salisediminibacterium haloalkalitolerans sp. nov., isolated from Lonar soda lake, India, and a proposal for reclassification of Bacillus locisalis as Salisediminibacterium locisalis comb. nov., and the emended description of the genus Salisediminibacterium and of the species Salisediminibacterium halotolerans
• Morphological and molecular variation in Synaphobranchus eels (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae) of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in relation to species diagnostics
• Evolution of reproductive strategies in the species-rich land snail subfamily Phaedusinae (Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
• A new Rhodococcus aetherivorans strain isolated from lubricant-contaminated soil as a prospective phenol-biodegrading agent
• Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Atlantic representatives of the invasive Pacific coral species Tubastraea coccinea and T. tagusensis (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae): Implications for species identification
• A review of the genus Strophidon (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae), with description of a new species
• Japanese domesticated chickens have been derived from Shamo traditional fighting cocks
• RAPD and ITS-based variability revealed in Atriplex species introduced to semi-arid zones of Morocco
• Taxonomic position of Chinese voles of the tribe Arvicolini and the description of 2 new species from Xizang, China
• gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group
• Proposal for Two New Genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.
• A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.
• The Enidae of Timor (Stylommatophora: Orthurethra)
• Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species
• Genetic Diversity and Connectivity of Southern Right Whales (Eubalaena australis) Found in the Brazil and Chile–Peru Wintering Grounds and the South Georgia (Islas Georgias del Sur) Feeding Ground
• Egg-collar morphology and identity of nine species of Naticidae (Gastropoda) in Taiwan, with an assessment of their phylogenetic relationships
• Molecular data reveal cryptic lineages within the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean small mussel drills of theOcinebrina edwardsiicomplex (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae)
• A new genus and species of vespertilionid bat from the Indomalayan Region
• Integrative taxonomy of enigmatic deep-sea true whelks in the sister-generaEnigmaticolusandThermosipho(Gastropoda: Buccinidae)
• Revision of the mole genusMogera(Mammalia: Lipotyphla: Talpidae) from Taiwan
• Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages
• Sulfolobus tokodaii sp. nov. (f. Sulfolobus sp. strain 7), a new member of the genus Sulfolobus isolated from Beppu Hot Springs, Japan
• Phylogeny of the Vibrionaceae, and Recommendation for Two New Genera, Listonella and Shewanella
• Descriptions of eleven new species of squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from seamounts around the Yap and Mariana Trenches with notes on DNA barcodes and phylogeny
• Analysis of three sugarcane homo/homeologous regions suggests independent polyploidization events of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum
• Taxonomic revision of the Peyssonneliales (Rhodophyta): Circumscribing the authentic Peyssonnelia clade and proposing four new genera and seven new species
• Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae)
• Efficient Generation of Uniform Samples from Phylogenetic Trees
• Molecular and morphological relationships between two closely related species, Turbinaria ornata and T. conoides (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyceae)
• Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data
• What should we call the Levant mole? Unravelling the systematics and demography of Talpa levantis Thomas, 1906 sensu lato (Mammalia: Talpidae)
• Mitochondrial DNA sequences support allozyme evidence for cryptic radiation of New Zealand Peripatoides (Onychophora)
• A new giant egg-laying onychophoran (Peripatopsidae) reveals evolutionary and biogeographical aspects of Australian velvet worms
• Snails in depth: integrative taxonomy of Famelica, Glaciotomella and Rimosodaphnella (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) from the deep sea of temperate Australia
• Segatella intestinalis sp. nov., and Parabacteroides caeci sp. nov., novel potential probiotics from the human gut microbiome
• Identification and characterization of Didymella bryoniae causing gummy stem blight disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Turkey
• The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer
• Partitioned Bayesian Analyses, Partition Choice, and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Scincid Lizards
• Proposal for a subdivision of the family Psathyrellaceae based on a taxon-rich phylogenetic analysis with iterative multigene guide tree
• Maternal and paternal genealogy of Eurasian taurine cattle (Bos taurus)
• Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species – an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
• A molecular method for identification of the morphologically plastic invasive algal genera Eucheuma and Kappaphycus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in Hawaii
• Aquirufa lenticrescens sp. nov. and Aquirufa aurantiipilula sp. nov.: two new species of a lineage of widespread freshwater bacteria
• Natural enemies ofAnthonomus eugenii(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada
• Alphavirus madariaga-associated encephalomyelitis in equines from the Brazilian Pantanal reveals arbovirus circulation in a peri-urban environment
• Early Miocene origin and cryptic diversification of South American salamanders
• Lateral Transfer of Genes and Gene Fragments in Staphylococcus Extends beyond Mobile Elements
• Large‐scale mitogenome sequencing reveals consecutive expansions of domestic taurine cattle and supports sporadic aurochs introgression
• Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences of Phaeodarea Challenge the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria
• Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode
• Rapid Radiation Events in the Family Ursidae Indicated by Likelihood Phylogenetic Estimation from Multiple Fragments of mtDNA
• Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data
• The Phylogenetic Position of the Musky Rat-Kangaroo and the Evolution of Bipedal Hopping in Kangaroos (Macropodidae: Diprotodontia)
• Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees
• Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation
• Identification of Amazonian Trees with DNA Barcodes
• Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the North American Brown Bear and Implications for Conservation
• Revision of the Mouse Lemurs,Microcebus(Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest
• Revision of the Mouse Lemurs (Microcebus) of Eastern Madagascar
• Dominance of HIV-1 Subtype CRF01_AE in Sexually Acquired Cases Leads to a New Epidemic in Yunnan Province of China
• Phylogeography of Bufo marinus from its natural and introduced ranges
• Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species
• The complete mitochondrial genome of dhole Cuon alpinus: phylogenetic analysis and dating evolutionary divergence within canidae
• Complex Patterns of Plastid 16S rRNA Gene Evolution in Nonphotosynthetic Green Algae
• Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa
• Phylogenetic Position of Mammoth and Steller's Sea Cow Within Tethytheria Demonstrated by Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
• Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches
• Rapid Evolution of RNA Genomes
• A New Species of Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, Northeastern India
• Thermogemmatispora onikobensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thermogemmatispora foliorum sp. nov., isolated from fallen leaves on geothermal soils, and description of Thermogemmatisporaceae fam. nov. and Thermogemmatisporales ord. nov. within the class Ktedonobacteria
• Phylogeography, population history and conservation genetics of jaguars (Panthera onca, Mammalia, Felidae)
• Discovery of an ancient lineage of Cyprinus carpio from Lake Biwa, central Japan, based on mtDNA sequence data, with reference to possible multiple origins of koi
• Cell culture-based profiling across mammals reveals DNA repair and metabolism as determinants of species longevity
• Indian ocean crossroads: Human genetic origin and population structure in the maldives
• From the Past to the Present: Wolf Phylogeography and Demographic History Based on the Mitochondrial Control Region
• Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate
• Estimate of the Mutation Rate per Nucleotide in Humans
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Ancestral Areas of the Bustards (Gruiformes: Otididae), Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear Intron Sequences
• Phylogenetic Relationships among the Trogons
• c-mos Variation in Songbirds: Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetic Implications, and Comparisons with Mitochondrial Differentiation
• Molecular Genetic Perspectives on Avian Brood Parasitism
• Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes
• On the Origin of Darwin's Finches
• A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the “true thrushes” (Aves: Turdinae)
• Phylogeographic differentiation of storm petrels (Hydrobates pelagicus) based on cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA variation
• Flightlessness and phylogeny amongst endemic rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the New Zealand region
• The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens
• Mitogenomic diversity in Sacred Ibis Mummies sheds light on early Egyptian practices
• Phylogeny of Cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae) Based on Cytochrome-B DNA Sequences
• Molecular Identification of Birds: Performance of Distance-Based DNA Barcoding in Three Genes to Delimit Parapatric Species
• Molecular Data Confirms the Species Status of the Christmas Island Hawk-Owl Ninox natalis
• Are large wattles related to particular MHC genotypes in the male pheasant?
• Molecular phylogeny of cuckoos supports a polyphyletic origin of brood parasitism
• Phylogenetic Tree Construction Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo
• The origin of peroxisomes: The possibility of an actinobacterial symbiosis
• Are the Platyhelminthes a monophyletic primitive group? An assessment using 18S rDNA sequences
• Research in Continuing Education: The Other Agenda.
• A molecular phylogenetic study of the subtribe Glycininae (Leguminosae) derived from the chloroplast DNA rps16 intron sequences
• Total evidence phylogeny of platyrrhine primates and a comparison of undated and tip-dating approaches
• Insights from DNA barcoding endangered endemic Caridina shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Lindu Lake, Indonesia
• A new, mesophotic Coryphopterus goby (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the southern Caribbean, with comments on relationships and depth distributions within the genus
• Sequence Diversity of the Factor H Binding Protein Vaccine Candidate in Epidemiologically Relevant Strains of Serogroup BNeisseria meningitidis
• Archaic Hominin Introgression in Africa Contributes to Functional Salivary MUC7 Genetic Variation
• Mitochondrial Genome Variation and Evolutionary History of Australian and New Guinean Aborigines
• A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species
• A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Förster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea
• エントロピー減衰とアトラクターの構造(カオスとその周辺,研究会報告)
• A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts
• Taxonomy, Distribution, and Evolution of the Percidae
• The goat domestication process inferred from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals
• Phenotypic and Genetic Divergence in Three Species of Dart-Poison Frogs With Contrasting Parental Behavior
• Mitochondrial paraphyly in a polymorphic poison frog species (Dendrobatidae; D. pumilio)
• The Origin of the Domestic Pig: Independent Domestication and Subsequent Introgression
• Chloroplast and nuclear gene sequences indicate late Pennsylvanian time for the last common ancestor of extant seed plants.
• <i>Streptomyces cameroonensis</i> sp. nov., a Geldanamycin Producer That Promotes <i>Theobroma cacao</i> Growth
• Phylogenetic relationships among Malagasy lemurs as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis
• Molecular systematics, taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Cavia (Rodentia: Caviidae)
• Ancient and modern steps during the domestication of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.)
• Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)
• Phylogenetic Analysis of Section Sinomartagon in Genus Lilium Using Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region in Nuclear Ribosomal DNA.
• Substitution rate variation among sites in mitochondrial hypervariable region I of humans and chimpanzees
• Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees.
• Modeling Protein Evolution via Generative Inference From Monte Carlo Chains to Population Genetics
• The modality of nineTriturusnewt hybrid zones assessed with nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data
• Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of Eurasian reindeer
• EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WOODY HAWAIIAN VIOLETS (VIOLA, VIOLACEAE): ARCTIC ORIGINS, HERBACEOUS ANCESTRY AND BIRD DISPERSAL
• REFUGIAL ORIGINS OF REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS L.) INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES
• Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to 3,000 Years Ago
• The Complex Evolutionary History of Gorillas: Insights from Genomic Data
• Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Genus <I>Platanus</I> as Inferred From Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA
• Evolutionary history of New and Old World vultures inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene
• Phylogeny of Osmundaceae Inferred from rbcL Nucleotide Sequences and Comparison to the Fossil Evidences
• The fish diversity in the upper reaches of the Salween River, Nujiang River, revealed by DNA barcoding
• Model Based Framework for Estimating Mutation Rate of Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt
• Phylogenetic relationships of the sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus): reconstructions based on morphology, allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences
• A phylogenetic analysis of Primulaceae s.l. based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequence data
• Phylogeny and species limits in the Palaearctic chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita complex: mitochondrial genetic differentiation and bioacoustic evidence*
• Phylogeny of the Avian Family Ciconiidae (Storks) Based on CytochromebSequences and DNA–DNA Hybridization Distances
• Molecular Evidence That the Bonin Islands "Honeyeater" Is a White-eye
• H-15 2005年産業連関表による建設に伴うCO₂排出量に関する研究
• Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Geraniaceae in Relation to Climate Changes and Pollination Ecology
• Phylogenetic reconstruction of the felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes
• Comparative Evolutionary Analysis of Chalcone Synthase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Loci in Arabidopsis, Arabis, and Related Genera (Brassicaceae)
• Estimating Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates Under Realistic Evolutionary Models
• NORTH AMERICAN BLACK BEARmtDNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR MORPHOLOGY AND THE HAIDA GWAII GLACIAL REFUGIUM CONTROVERSY
• Amplification and sequencing of DNA from a 120–135-million-year-old weevil
• Detecting Dinosaur DNA
• Tracking the origins of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) by mitochondrial DNA sequencing.
• Two new cryptic species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam
• Phylogenetic Relationships and the Radiation of Sigmodontine Rodents in South America: Evidence from Cytochrome b
• The Evolutionary History and Genetic Diversity of Kinkajous, Potos flavus (Carnivora, Procyonidae)
• ACCELERATED EVOLUTION OF LAND SNAILSMANDARINAIN THE OCEANIC BONIN ISLANDS: EVIDENCE FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SEQUENCES
• Phylogeny of the Hamamelidaceae based on the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA
• Hidden diversity in spring snails from the Andean Altiplano, the second highest plateau on Earth, and the Atacama Desert, the driest place in the world
• Phylogeography of Camellia taliensis (Theaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA: insights into evolutionary history and conservation
• Use of phylogenetics in the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary studies of viral infections
• Ribes (Grossulariaceae) phylogeny as indicated by restriction-site polymorphisms of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA
• Molecular evidence for the pattern and timing of cladogenesis in dasyurid marsupials
• Ignoring Heterozygous Sites Biases Phylogenomic Estimates of Divergence Times: Implications for the Evolutionary History of Microtus Voles
• Nonadaptive Amino Acid Convergence Rates Decrease over Time
• Janibacter hoylei sp. nov., Bacillus isronensis sp. nov. and Bacillus aryabhattai sp. nov., isolated from cryotubes used for collecting air from the upper atmosphere
• Injection of Acanthaster planci with thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS). I. Disease induction
• Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities
• Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications
• Molecular systematics and paleobiogeography of the South American sigmodontine rodents [published erratum appears in Mol Biol Evol 1998 Feb;15(2):224]
• Ancient DNA Reveals Key Stages in the Formation of Central European Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity
• Periodic picophytoplankton predominance in a large, shallow alkaline lake (Lake Fertő, Neusiedlersee)
• Constraints on the perfect phylogeny mixture model and their effect on reducing degeneracy
• The freshwater crabs of Macau, with the description of a new species of Nanhaipotamon Bott, 1968 and the redescription of Nanhaipotamon wupingense Cheng, Yang, Zhong &amp; Li, 2003 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Potamidae)
• Morphological evolution and ecological diversification of the forest-dwelling poppies (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) as deduced from a molecular phylogeny of the ITS region
• Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)
• Phylogenetic relationships among species groups of the ant genus Myrmecia
• Description of a new species of Hoolock gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) based on integrative taxonomy
• A molecular phylogeny of dinoflagellate protists (Pyrrhophyta) inferred from the sequence of 24S rRNA divergent domains D1 and D8
• Effects of Active Volcanism on Bacterial Communities in the Highest-Altitude Crater Lake of Ojos del Salado (Dry Andes, Altiplano-Atacama Region)
• Diversity of extremophilic bacteria in the sediment of high-altitude lakes located in the mountain desert of Ojos del Salado volcano, Dry-Andes
• Molecular Phylogeny of Nycticebus Inferred from Mitochondrial Genes
• Mitochondrial DNA variation in water shrews (Sorexpalustris,Sorexbendirii) from western North America: implications for taxonomy and phylogeography
• Proposal of 'Candidatus Frankia californiensis', the uncultured symbiont in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of a phylogenetically broad group of hosts endemic to western North America
• xtreme population structuring in the threatened ghost bat,Macroderma gigas: evidence from mitochondrial DNA
• Slow worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) as a species complex: Genetic structure reveals deep divergences
• Divergent host-plant use promotes reproductive isolation among cynipid gall wasp populations
• Divergence in Proteins, Mitochondrial DNA, and Reproductive Compatibility Across the Isthmus of Panama
• Species‐level predation network uncovers high prey specificity in a Neotropical army ant community
• Discovery of a New Endogenous Type C Retrovirus (FcEV) in Cats: Evidence for RD-114 Being an FcEV Gag-Pol /Baboon Endogenous Virus BaEV Env Recombinant
• Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times among Mustelids (Mammalia: Carnivora) Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Nuclear Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein and Mitochondrial CytochromebGenes
• Molecular Phylogeny of the Marmots (Rodentia: Sciuridae): Tests of Evolutionary and Biogeographic Hypotheses
• Molecular Systematics of the Scaled Quail Complex (Genus Callipepla)
• Nuclear Gene LCAT Supports Rodent Monophyly
• Are Guinea Pigs Rodents? The Importance of Adequate Models in Molecular Phylogenetics
• Molecular evidence for naturalness of genera in the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae) and three independent evolutionary lineages from the New World and the Old
• Insights into Punic genetic signatures in the southern necropolis of Tharros (Sardinia)
• Phylogeny of Six Genera of the Subclass Haptoria (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) Inferred from Sequences of the Gene Coding for Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA
• Phylogeny and Evolution of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes): A Test of Alternative Modes of Speciation
• Likelihood-Based Tests of Topologies in Phylogenetics
• A new species of the genus Ivela Swinhoe (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantriinae) from Guangdong, China
• A molecular approach to comparative phylogeography of extant Malagasy lemurs
• Hypogymnia phylogeny, including Cavernularia, reveals biogeographic structure
• Genetic diversity of Theileria orientalis from cattle in Turkey
• First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks
• First detection and molecular identification of a pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia, R. massiliae, from Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks infesting dogs in southern Taiwan
• First detection and genetic identification of Rickettsia infection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks collected from Southern Taiwan
• Molecular analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), an incriminated vector tick for Babesia vogeli in Taiwan
• Registering the evolutionary history in individual-based models of speciation
• DNA barcoding and evolutionary relationships in Accipiter Brisson, 1760 (Aves, Falconiformes: Accipitridae) with a focus on African and Eurasian representatives
• First case ofAeromonas schubertiiinfection in the freshwater cultured snakehead fish,Ophiocephalus argus(Cantor), in China
• Characterizing the Time Dependency of Human Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Rate Estimates
• Chloroplast Genome (cpDNA) of Cycas taitungensis and 56 cp Protein-Coding Genes of Gnetum parvifolium: Insights into cpDNA Evolution and Phylogeny of Extant Seed Plants
• Natural Occurrence ofHeterorhabditis indicaPoinar, Karunakar & David on Sugarcane Weevil,Sphenophorus incurrensGyllenhal, at Morelos, Mexico
• Palenque de San Basilio in Colombia: genetic data support an oral history of a paternal ancestry in Congo
• Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria
• East–west genetic differentiation in Musk Ducks (Biziura lobata) of Australia suggests late Pleistocene divergence at the Nullarbor Plain
• Evolutionary Relationships of the Anolis bimaculatus Group from the Northern Lesser Antilles
• Intra‐ and interbreed genetic variations of mitochondrial DNA major non‐coding regions in Japanese native dog breeds [Canis familiaris)
• MEDIDA EXPERIMENTAL DE LAS DEFORMACIONES A LARGO PLAZO EN DOS VIGAS HIPERESTATICAS POSTESADAS
• An overview of the Hygrobates fluviatilis complex (Acariformes, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae), with the description of a new species from Portugal and the first record of H. persicus from Cyprus
• Lentzea chajnantorensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium from a very high altitude Cerro Chajnantor gravel soil in northern Chile
• Streptomyces aridus sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and emended description of Streptomyces noboritoensis Isono et al. 1957
• Modestobacter excelsi sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil
• Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil
• Modestobacter altitudinis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Atacama Desert soil
• Sex chromosome transformation and the origin of a male-specific X chromosome in the creeping vole
• Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of the Tit-Tyrants (Aves: Tyrannidae)
• Metagenomics-guided cloning, expression, and characterization of thermotolerant multifunctional cellulase from Rehai Hot Spring
• Genome characteristics of facultatively symbiotic Frankia sp. strains reflect host range and host plant biogeography
• A model capturing novel strand symmetries in bacterial DNA
• Interkingdom Host Jumping Underground: Phylogenetic Analysis of Entomoparasitic Fungi of the Genus Cordyceps
• Origin of the Mesozoa inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences
• Phylogenetic relationships among Lemuridae (Primates): evidence from mtDNA
• Molecular phylogenetic analysis ofTulipa(Liliaceae) based on noncoding plastid and nuclear DNA sequences with an emphasis on Turkey
• Genetic and Morphological Divergences in the Cosmopolitan Deep-Sea Amphipod Eurythenes gryllus Reveal a Diverse Abyss and a Bipolar Species
• Poles Apart: The “Bipolar” Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans
• Isolation, molecular characterization and growth-promotion activities of a cold tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. NARs9 (MTCC9002) from the Indian Himalayas
• Mitochondrial phylogeography of the Dalmatian wall lizard, (Lacertidae)
• Estimation of past demographic parameters from the distribution of pairwise differences when the mutation rates vary among sites: application to human mitochondrial DNA. [europepmc]
• Phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut. [europepmc]
• Multiple independent origins of Shigella clones of Escherichia coli and convergent evolution of many of their characteristics. [europepmc]
• Virologic and immunologic determinants of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Africa. [europepmc]
• Map-based isolation of the leaf rust disease resistance gene Lr10 from the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. [europepmc]
• Analyses of LTR-retrotransposon structures reveal recent and rapid genomic DNA loss in rice. [europepmc]
• Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn's disease revealed by a metagenomic approach. [europepmc]
• DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. [europepmc]
• Insect-microbe mutualism without vertical transmission: a stinkbug acquires a beneficial gut symbiont from the environment every generation. [europepmc]
• Molecular evolution of the reactive oxygen-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox/Duox) family of enzymes. [europepmc]
• A universal DNA mini-barcode for biodiversity analysis. [europepmc]
• African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia, 2007. [europepmc]
• Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae. [europepmc]
• LINE-1 retrotransposition activity in human genomes. [europepmc]
• Inference on population history and model checking using DNA sequence and microsatellite data with the software DIYABC (v1.0). [europepmc]
• Synonymous but not the same: the causes and consequences of codon bias. [europepmc]
• The fecal viral flora of wild rodents. [europepmc]
• Identifying Canadian freshwater fishes through DNA barcodes. [europepmc]
• Evolution of human-specific neural SRGAP2 genes by incomplete segmental duplication. [europepmc]
• Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms. [europepmc]
• Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). [europepmc]
• Functional Characterization of Novel Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Strains Isolated from Healthy Volunteers: A Step Forward in the Use of F. prausnitzii as a Next-Generation Probiotic. [europepmc]
• Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project. [europepmc]
• Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2. [europepmc]
• The complete sequence of a human genome. [europepmc]