1. A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms
   1979/01/01 by Nobuyuki Otsu · 43,445 citations
   Computer Science · Engineering · Medicine · #Artificial intelligence #Computer science #Face and Expression Recognition #Gray (unit) #Gray level #Histogram #Image (mathematics) #Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection #Medicine #Neural Networks and Applications #Nuclear medicine #Pattern recognition (psychology) #Pixel #Selection (genetic algorithm)
2. A new look at the statistical model identification
   1974/12/01 by Hirotugu Akaike · 51,084 citations
   Engineering · Computer Science · Mathematics · #Fault Detection and Control Systems #Time Series Analysis and Forecasting #Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks #Identification (biology) #Statistical hypothesis testing #Statistical model #Maximum likelihood #Series (stratigraphy) #Estimation theory #Mathematics #Computer science #Statistical theory #Statistical analysis #Likelihood-ratio test #Statistics #Algorithm
3. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
   2018/09/03 by Andrea C. Tricco, Erin Lillie, Wasifa Zarin +30 · 42,024 citations
   Decision Sciences · Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Engineering · Medicine · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Checklist #Computer science #Delphi Technique in Research #Engineering #Guideline #Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life #Health care #Knowledge management #MEDLINE #Management science #Medical education #Medicine #Meta-analysis and systematic reviews #Process management #Psychology #Quality (philosophy) #Systematic review #Terminology
4. Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances
   1956/03/01 by Michel Dubois, Michel. DuBois, K. A. Gilles +4 · 52,015 citations
   Chemistry · Engineering · Nursing · #Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies #Altmetrics #Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography #Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques #Citation #Computer science #Icon #Information retrieval #Library science #Social media #World Wide Web
5. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.
   1988/05/01 by James C. Anderson, David W. Gerbing · 40,027 citations
   Computer Science · Decision Sciences · Engineering · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychology · #Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques #Calculus (dental) #Computer science #Econometrics #Engineering #Machine learning #Management science #Mathematics #Medicine #Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports #Orthodontics #Psychology #Psychometric Methodologies and Testing #Structural equation modeling
6. Random sample consensus
   1981/06/01 by Martin A. Fischler, Robert C. Bolles · 25,604 citations
   Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques #Algorithm #Artificial intelligence #Basis (linear algebra) #Computer science #Computer vision #Data mining #Feature (linguistics) #Image (mathematics) #Landmark #Machine Learning and Algorithms #Mathematics #Pattern recognition (psychology) #Point (geometry) #RANSAC #Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization #Sample (material) #Set (abstract data type) #Smoothing
7. A Simplex Method for Function Minimization
   1965/01/01 by J. A. Nelder, R. Mead · 28,959 citations
   Engineering · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algorithm #Applied mathematics #Combinatorics #Computer science #Control Systems and Identification #Function (biology) #Graph #Hessian matrix #Linear programming #Mathematical analysis #Mathematical optimization #Mathematics #Minification #Neighbourhood (mathematics) #Scientific Research and Discoveries #Simplex #Simplex algorithm #Statistical and numerical algorithms #Vertex (graph theory)
8. The electronic properties of graphene
   2007/09/07 by A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres +4 · 1 voice · 24,746 citations
   Engineering · Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Advancements in Battery Materials #Bilayer graphene #Condensed matter physics #Dirac (video compression format) #Electron #Electronic structure #Geometry #Graphene #Graphene nanoribbons #Graphene research and applications #Physics #Quantum Hall effect #Quantum and electron transport phenomena #Quantum mechanics #Quantum tunnelling #Stacking #Zigzag #cond-mat.other
9. Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods
   1969/08/01 by C. W. J. Granger, Clive W. J. Granger · 23,060 citations
   Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Causal model #Econometric model #Econometrics #Economics #Fault Detection and Control Systems #Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping #Mathematical economics #Mathematics #Neural Networks and Applications #Statistics
10. Least squares quantization in PCM
    1982/03/01 by S. Lloyd, Sheelagh Lloyd · 15,730 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques #Algorithm #Amplitude #Applied mathematics #Coding theory and cryptography #Combinatorics #Error Correcting Code Techniques #Gaussian #Mathematics #Physics #Quantization (signal processing) #Quantum mechanics #Topology (electrical circuits)
11. Physics-informed neural networks: A deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations
    2018/11/03 by Maziar Raissi, M. Raissi, P. Perdikaris +3 · 17,957 citations
    Earth and Planetary Sciences · Engineering · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algorithm #Applied mathematics #Artificial intelligence #Artificial neural network #Automatic differentiation #Computer science #Context (archaeology) #Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows #Inverse problem #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations #Model Reduction and Neural Networks #Nonlinear system #Partial derivative #Partial differential equation #Physical law #Physics
12. Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow
    1963/03/01 by Edward N. Lorenz · 19,444 citations
    Earth and Planetary Sciences · Engineering · Mathematics · #Applied mathematics #Bounded function #Differential Equations and Numerical Methods #Differential equation #Dissipative system #Flow (mathematics) #Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Mechanics #Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations #Nonlinear system #Ordinary differential equation #Physics #Range (aeronautics) #Simple (philosophy) #Thermodynamics
13. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)
    1965/12/01 by Samuel S. Shapiro, S. S. Shapiro, S. S. SHAPIRO +2 · 19,610 citations
    Engineering · Mathematics · #Diverse Scientific and Engineering Research #Mathematics #Normality #Normality test #Statistical hypothesis testing #Statistics #Test (biology) #Variance (accounting)
14. Learning representations by back-propagating errors
    1986/10/01 by David E. Rumelhart, Geoffrey E. Hinton, Ronald J. Williams · 24,370 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Algorithm #Artificial intelligence #Artificial neural network #Backpropagation #Blind Source Separation Techniques #Computer science #Control Systems and Identification #Convergence (economics) #Data mining #Domain (mathematical analysis) #Engineering #Mathematics #Measure (data warehouse) #Multilayer perceptron #Neural Networks and Applications #Pattern recognition (psychology) #Perceptron #Task (project management)
15. On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other
    1947/03/01 by H. B. Mann, D. R. Whitney, Douglas R. Whitney · 14,109 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models #Combinatorics #Cumulative distribution function #Distribution (mathematics) #Diverse Scientific and Engineering Research #Infinity #Limit (mathematics) #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Moment (physics) #Normal distribution #Physics #Probability density function #Random variable #Statistic #Statistical hypothesis testing #Statistics #Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics #Test statistic
16. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies
    1979/03/01 by P. A. Cundall, Peter Cundall, Otto D. L. Strack +1 · 17,077 citations
    Engineering · Mathematics · #Ball (mathematics) #Classical mechanics #Contact force #Discrete element method #Geometry #Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics #Granular flow and fluidized beds #Granular material #Mathematics #Mechanics #Physics #Rock Mechanics and Modeling
17. Textural Features for Image Classification
    1973/11/01 by Robert M. Haralick, K. Shanmugam, Its'Hak Dinstein +1 · 22,627 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · #Artificial intelligence #Computer science #Computer vision #Decision rule #Identification (biology) #Image (mathematics) #Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques #Medical Image Segmentation Techniques #Panchromatic film #Pattern recognition (psychology) #Remote-Sensing Image Classification #Set (abstract data type) #Test set
18. Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife
    1979/01/01 by B. Efron · 17,564 citations
    Engineering · Mathematics · #Advanced Statistical Methods and Models #Applied mathematics #Combinatorics #Control Systems and Identification #Distribution (mathematics) #Jackknife resampling #Linear discriminant analysis #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Random variable #Statistical Methods and Inference #Statistics
19. YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection
    2020/04/23 by Alexey Bochkovskiy, Bochkovskiy, Alexey, Chien-Yao Wang +3 · 2 voices · 10,479 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · #Advanced Neural Network Applications #Artificial intelligence #CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors #Computer science #Computer vision #Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection #Object (grammar) #cs.CV #eess.IV
20. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984)
    1985/01/01 by K. S. W. Sing · 24,198 citations
    Chemistry · Engineering · #Adsorption #Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials #Chemical engineering #Chemical physics #Chemistry #Geometry #Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis #Organic chemistry #Physical chemistry #Physisorption #Porosity #Solid surface #Specific surface area #Surface (topology)
21. AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD
    1934/01/01 by A. WALKLEY, Allan Walkley, I. ARMSTRONG BLACK · 21,955 citations
    Chemistry · Engineering · #Chemistry #Chromic acid #Environmental chemistry #Environmental science #Inorganic chemistry #Organic chemistry #Organic matter #Soil and Unsaturated Flow #Titration
22. Compressed sensing
    2006/04/01 by David L. Donoho, D.L. Donoho · 23,265 citations
    Computer Science · Engineering · Mathematics · #Algorithm #Artificial intelligence #Combinatorics #Compressed sensing #Computer science #Image and Signal Denoising Methods #Mathematical Analysis and Transform Methods #Mathematics #Orthonormal basis #Physics #Pixel #Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
23. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications
    1994/08/01 by F. R. Menter, Florian Menter · 21,004 citations
    Engineering · Environmental Science · #Aerospace engineering #Classical mechanics #Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics #Engineering #Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows #K-epsilon turbulence model #K-omega turbulence model #Large eddy simulation #Mechanics #Meteorology #Physics #Statistical physics #Thermodynamics #Turbulence #Turbulence modeling #Viscosity #Wind and Air Flow Studies
24. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries
    1981/01/01 by C.W Hirt, C.W. Hirt, B.D Nichols +1 · 15,812 citations
    Engineering · Mathematics · #Boundary (topology) #Compressibility #Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics #Computer science #Finite volume method #Flow (mathematics) #Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions #Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer #Free surface #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Mechanics #Physics #Thermodynamics #Volume (thermodynamics) #Volume of fluid method
25. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay
    1996/07/01 by Iris F. F. Benzie, Iris F.F. Benzie, JJ Strain +1 · 22,721 citations
    Chemistry · Engineering · Medicine · #Absorbance #Antioxidant #Antioxidant capacity #Ascorbic acid #Biochemistry #Chemistry #Chromatography #DPPH #Electrochemical sensors and biosensors #Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment #Ferric #Ferric reducing ability of plasma #Ferrous #Food science #Inorganic chemistry #Iron Metabolism and Disorders #Organic chemistry #Oxygen radical absorbance capacity #Reagent #Trolox #Uric acid
26. The MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments
    2009/02/27 by Stephen A Bustin, Stephen A. Bustin, Vladimı́r Beneš +16 · 16,296 citations
    Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Engineering · Mathematics · #Biology #Computational biology #Computer science #Gene #Gene expression and cancer classification #Genetics #Information retrieval #Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation #Mathematics #Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications #Real-time polymerase chain reaction #Statistics
27. An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series
    1965/01/01 by James W. Cooley, J.W. Cooley, John W. Tukey · 9,666 citations
    Chemical Engineering · Decision Sciences · Engineering · Mathematics · #Advanced Numerical Methods in Computational Mathematics #Algorithm #Fourier series #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies #Series (stratigraphy) #Simulation Techniques and Applications
28. A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures
    1969/06/02 by H. M. Rietveld · 17,336 citations
    Engineering · Materials Science · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algorithm #Code (set theory) #Computational physics #Computer science #Diagram #Geometry #Materials science #Mathematics #Neutron #Nuclear Physics and Applications #Nuclear physics #Physics #Quadratic equation #Simple (philosophy) #Superconducting Materials and Applications #X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
29. Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function
    1957/08/01 by Robert M. Solow · 12,278 citations
    Engineering · #Aggregate (composite) #Econometrics #Economics #Engineering and Environmental Studies #Function (biology) #Microeconomics #Production (economics) #Production function
30. Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations
    1988/11/01 by Stanley Osher, James A Sethian, James A. Sethian · 13,940 citations
    Engineering · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Algorithm #Conservation law #Curvature #Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows #Function (biology) #Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows #Geometry #Hamilton–Jacobi equation #Mathematical analysis #Mathematics #Mean curvature #Mean curvature flow #Quantum chaos and dynamical systems

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