Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset
2002/09/01 by NILS PETTER GLEDITSCH, Nils Petter Gleditsch, PETER WALLENSTEEN +7 · 88 citations
Health Professions · Social Sciences · #Health and Conflict Studies #Political Conflict and Governance #Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
paper · pdf · doi:10.1177/0022343302039005007
Abstract
Abstract In the period 1946-2001, there were 225 armed conflicts and 34 of them were active in all of or part of 2001. Armed conflict remains a serious problem in the post-Cold War period. For three decades, the Correlates of War project has served as the main supplier of reliable data used in longitudinal studies of external and internal armed conflict. The COW datasets on war use the relatively high threshold of 1,000 battle-deaths. The Uppsala dataset on armed conflict has a lower threshold, 25 annual battle-deaths, but has so far been available for only the post-Cold War period. This dataset has now been backdated to the end of World War II. This article presents a report on armed conflict based on this backdate as well as another annual update. It presents the procedures for the backdating, as well as trends over time and breakdowns for the type of conflict. It assesses the criteria for measuring armed conflict and discusses some directions for future data collection in this area.
Cited by
- Transnational Dimensions of Civil War
- Declining willingness to fight for one’s country
- Only as fast as its troop contributors: Incentives, capabilities, and constraints in the UN’s peacekeeping response
- The Arms Trade and the Incidence of Political Violence in Sub-saharan Africa, 1967-97
- Backdoor peacekeeping
- What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War?
- Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer than Others?
- Post-Conflict Risks
- PRIO-GRID: A unified spatial data structure
- Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946—2007
- Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset
- ViEWS: A political violence early-warning system
- The sources of social violence in Latin America
- Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach
- Democracy, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
- Dynamics and Logics of Civil War
- The Causes and Outcomes of Coup during Civil War
- Foreign Aid as a Counterterrorism Tool
- Rebels with a Cause: Does Ideology Make Armed Conflicts Longer and Bloodier?
- Who Punishes the Leader? Leader Culpability and Coups during Civil War
- Do International Human Rights Treaties Improve Respect for Human Rights?
- Horizontal Inequality, Crosscutting Cleavages, and Civil War
- Language, Religion, and Ethnic Civil War
- Managing Threat, Cost, and Incentive to Kill
- Governing for Growth? Economic Performance and Finance Minister Survival in Democracies and Autocracies
- Institutionalized but Under Implemented: Factors Affecting Women’s Inclusion in Peace Negotiations Between 1975 and 2020
- Contagion or Confusion? Why Conflicts Cluster in Space
- Restoring Legitimacy: Public Diplomacy Campaigns during Civil Wars
- Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Remittances and Democratization
- When Organizations Rebel: Introducing the Foundations of Rebel Group Emergence (FORGE) Dataset
- The Path of the Boomerang: Human Rights Campaigns, Third-Party Pressure, and Human Rights
- Coup-Proofing in the Shadow of Intervention: Alliances, Moral Hazard, and Violence in Authoritarian Regimes
- An Empirical Assessment of Informal Influence in the World Bank
- Beyond greed and grievance: feasibility and civil war
- Unpacking Urban (Dis)Continuities of Postwar Violence
- Prohibited Force
- International Financial Institutions and the Promotion of Autocratic Resilience
- Victims of Conspiracies? An Examination of the Relationship Between Conspiracy Beliefs and Dispositional Individual Victimhood
- Violent Resistance: Militia Formation and Civil War in Mozambique
- Evolution of the polycrisis: Anthropocene traps that challenge global sustainability
- IO Overlap and the Allocation of Delegation: Evidence from the African Organizational Complex
- Parents of the revolution rebel leaders’ intergenerational social capital and insurgency cohesion
- The Effects of Electoral Violence on Women’s Legislative Representation
- Civil war and state support for conventional arms control
- Ethnic Coalitions and Media Freedom in African Autocracies
- Careful what you promise: Executive constraints and conflict recurrence
- The Cost of Road Infrastructure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
- Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis
- Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa
- Measuring and explaining government efficiency in developing countries
- Interstate rivalry, major power status, and state support for arms control
- Crumbling Safe Havens? International Justice Regime and Conflict Amnesty for Serious Crimes
- Multidimensional conflicts over disarmament and international security: analyzing speeches in the First Committee of the UN General Assembly
- Who Gets Smart? Explaining How Precision Bombs Proliferate
- Nationality Questions and War: How Ethnic Configurations Affect Conflict Within and Between States
- Negotiating Difficult Issues with Little Fervour? Why Peace Processes in Territorial Conflicts Tend to Produce Incomplete Outcomes
- External threats and state support for arms control
- Democratization, Foreign Military Intervention, and Rebel Fragmentation in Civil War: Evidence from the PKK Insurgency in Turkey
- Fostering agreements or hampering compromise: the context-specific effect of sanctions in peace negotiations
- Multi-method evidence for when and how climate-related disasters contribute to armed conflict risk
- Non-state actors in civil wars: A new dataset
- Democracy Manifest or Democracy Latent? A Unified Framework for Identifying Regime Types and Transitions
- War and Gender Inequalities in Health: The Impact of Armed Conflict on Fertility and Maternal Mortality
- When It Rains, It Pours: The Impact of Disasters on Child Soldiering by Rebel Groups
- Peace Brand Activism: Global Brand Responses to the War in Ukraine
- Who, what, and where? Linking violence to civil wars
- Bayesian hidden Markov models for latent variable labeling assignments in conflict research: Application to the role ceasefires play in conflict dynamics
- Institutional constraints and regional incentives for the attempt to scrap presidential term limits
- How and how much does expert error matter? Implications for quantitative peace research
- Magical Practices and the Recruitment of Women into Rebel Groups
- The Road Back Home is Never Long: Refugee Return Migration
- How Religious Are “Religious” Conflicts?
- Talking about the [same] revolution? A comparative analysis of main datasets of revolutionary events
- Diasporic Foreign Policy Interest Groups in the United States: Democracy, Conflict, and Political Entrepreneurship
- Foreign Aid for Human Rights: A Theoretical Framework and Evidence From 121 Aid-Receiving Countries, 2002–2021
- Authoritarian collaboration and repression in the digital age: balancing foreign direct investment and control in internet infrastructure
- Powers for Peace: When Permanent Five Deploy, Fund, and Lead Peacekeeping
- “It’s Us against Them”: Populist Rule and Electoral Violence
- Crisis at Home, Exit Abroad: Coups, Civil Wars, and Coalition Defection
- Militant Regimes: International Conflict During State of Emergencies
- Aid to Fight <scp>AIDS</scp> : An Empirical Analysis of <scp>HIV</scp> ‐Specific Development Aid Effectiveness
- The onset of civil armed conflicts and personalization of power in dictatorships
- Failed coups, political survival, and civil liberties restrictions in nondemocratic regimes
- Alliances and Conflict, or Conflict and Alliances? Appraising the Causal Effect of Alliances on Conflict
- “The enemy of my friend is my enemy”: Chinese leaders’ foreign visits and transnational repression of Uyghurs
- Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War
- Saving Strangers Selectively: Conditions Affecting the Occurrence of Humanitarian Military Interventions
- The Domestic and International Sources of Legislative Action on Economic Sanctions
Related