Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
1986/01/01 by KUNG-YEE LIANG, Kung‐Yee Liang, SCOTT L. ZEGER +1 · 244 citations
Mathematics · #Statistical Methods and Inference #Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference #Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.13
Abstract
This paper proposes an extension of generalized linear models to the analysis of longitudinal data. We introduce a class of estimating equations that give consistent estimates of the regression parameters and of their variance under mild assumptions about the time dependence. The estimating equations are derived without specifying the joint distribution of a subject's observations yet they reduce to the score equations for niultivariate Gaussian outcomes. Asymptotic theory is presented for the general class of estimators. Specific cases in which we assume independence, m-dependence and exchangeable correlation structures from each subject are discussed. Efficiency of the pioposecl estimators in two simple situations is considered. The approach is closely related to quasi-likelihood.
Cited by
- Analysing ordinal longitudinal survey data: Generalised estimating equations approach
- Modelling approaches for meta‐analyses with dependent effect sizes in ecology and evolution: A simulation study
- Pumping the Brakes: Examining the Impact of CEO Political Ideology Divergence on Firm Responses
- A Method for Generating High-Dimensional Multivariate Binary Variates
- Relation between length of hospital stay and costs of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia
- A Modified Poisson Regression Approach to Prospective Studies with Binary Data
- Performance of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool for Substance Use Screening in Primary Care Patients
- Mitigating psychological discomfort during automation error: A mixed methods research
- Executive Personality, Capability Cues, and Risk Taking
- Tooth Loss Associated with Physical and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
- It's All about Me: Narcissistic Chief Executive Officers and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance
- Diccionari abreujat d'educació
- Political Ideologies of CEOs
- Swimming with Sharks: Technology Ventures, Defense Mechanisms and Corporate Relationships
- Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans
- Rethinking the Analysis of Non‐Normal Data in Plant and Soil Science
- Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
- The burden of venipuncture pain in neonatal intensive care units: EPIPPAIN 2, a prospective observational study
- Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Adults
- Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models for Repeated Measures Data
- The Relationships Among Social Comparisons, Body Surveillance, and Body Dissatisfaction in the Natural Environment
- Quadratic Inference Functions for Varying‐Coefficient Models with Longitudinal Data
- Ultrahigh dimensional time course feature selection
- Marginal Models for Correlated Binary Responses with Multiple Classes and Multiple Levels of Nesting
- Akaike's Information Criterion in Generalized Estimating Equations
- The MABIC project: An effectiveness trial for reducing risk factors for eating disorders
- Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, 1980 to 2000
- “Oops! That was my fault, I am so sorry for sudden braking”: using voice assistants to repair trust after automated driving failures
- Comparative multicenter evaluation of thalamic neuromodulation for treatment‐resistant epilepsy in children
- Nomogram to Predict Postoperative Intra-abdominal Septic Complications After Bowel Resection and Primary Anastomosis for Crohn’s Disease
- Distress tolerance and duration of past smoking cessation attempts.
- Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial
- Enteral Iron Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and its Positive Correlation with Neurodevelopment; Post Hoc Analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
- The influence of online product recommendations on consumers’ online choices
- Improved Detection of Substantia Nigra Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
- 3)画像処理によるCC鋳片サルファ・プリントパターンの定量的評価法(〔画像処理・コンピュータビジョン研究会画像応力研究会〕合同)
- Doxycycline Effects on Serum Bone Biomarkers in Post-menopausal Women
- Chief Digital Officers: An Analysis of the Presence of a Centralized Digital Transformation Role
- I Did It My Way: CEO Core Self‐Evaluations and the Environmental Contingencies on Firm Risk‐Taking Strategies
- Peer Influence on Aggressive Behavior, Smoking, and Sexual Behavior
- A Practitioner’s Guide to Cluster-Robust Inference
- From Attention to Action: The Influence of Cognitive and Ideological Diversity in Top Management Teams on Business Model Innovation
- Chief digital officers: An exploratory analysis of their emergence, nature, and determinants
- Standards of Birth Weight in Twin Gestations Stratified by Placental Chorionicity
- Policy Learning in Nascent Industries’ Venue Shifting: A Study of the U.S. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Industry
- ‘Just like I thought’: Street‐level bureaucrats trust <scp>AI</scp> recommendations if they confirm their professional judgment
- Standard Errors for Difference‐in‐Difference Regression
- The Shape of Correlation Matrices
- Modeling Clustered Data with Very Few Clusters
- When Should You Adjust Standard Errors for Clustering?
- Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered Errors
- How Software Development Conceals and Constrains Critical Analytic Decisions: Tracing the Encoded Choices Behind a Failure to Reproduce a Spatial Scan Statistic
- The Industrial Organization of Regulatory Capture
- Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Complex Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Outcomes and Costs for Biologically Based, Local Tissue Rearrangement, and Free Flap Reconstruction
- Sexual crime and place: The impact of the environmental context on sexual assault outcomes
- Longitudinal Random Forests for Sparse and Irregular Response Trajectories
- Negative Affect and Chemical Intolerance as Risk Factors for Building-Related Symptoms: A Controlled Exposure Study
- The influence of three genes on whether adolescents use contraception, USA 1994–2002
- Asymptotic properties of computationally efficient alternative estimators for a class of multivariate normal models
- The cluster bootstrap consistency in generalized estimating equations
- Variable selection in robust regression models for longitudinal data
- Robust Standard Errors in Small Samples: Some Practical Advice
- Modeling Multilevel Data Structures
- Generalized Estimating Equation Models for Correlated Data: A Review with Applications
- Do In-Match Hydration Breaks Alter Match Momentum? A Within-Match Case-Crossover Analysis of the 2026 FIFA World Cup
- A Meta-analysis of the Spacing Effect in Verbal Learning: Implications for Research on Advertising Repetition and Consumer Memory
- Geometric Configurations of Perturbed Jailbreak Prompts
- Prompt Robustness Is Task-Dependent: Comparing Objective and Belief-Style Questions in LLM Evaluation
- It Matters How You Say It: Exploring Rhetorical Patterns for AI-Assisted Information Evaluation
- Bayesian Prediction under Moment Conditioning
- Assessing AI in Introductory Physics Problem Solving
- Off-Distribution Voices: Fanfiction Subgenres as Universal Vernacular Jailbreaks for Aligned LLMs
- Review of Recent Methodological Developments in Group-Randomized Trials: Part 2—Analysis
- Health risk modelling by transforming a multi-dimensional unknown distribution to a multi-dimensional Gaussian
- Regression with a right-censored predictor, using inverse probability\n weighting methods
- Estimation Methods for Cluster Randomized Trials with Noncompliance: A Study of A Biometric Smartcard Payment System in India
- Dynamic prediction in functional concurrent regression with an application to child growth
- Robust penalized empirical likelihood in high dimensional longitudinal data analysis
- Deductive semiparametric estimation in Double-Sampling Designs with application to PEPFAR
- Multivariate Count Autoregression
- DualityCert: Verifier-Gated Language-Model Repair of Broken Duality Claims in Quantum Field Theory
- Causal models for longitudinal and panel data: a survey
- Robustness of Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) Tests of Significance against Misspecification of the Error Structure Model
- An Efficient Framework for Robust Sample Size Determination
- Robust Causal Directionality Inference in Quantum Inference under MNAR Observation and High-Dimensional Noise
- Governance by Evidence: Regulated Predictors in Decision-Tree Models
- Overall Agreement for Multiple Raters with Replicated Measurements
- Oxidative Stress and Light-Evoked Responses of the Posterior Segment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy
- Prenatal alcohol exposure and child cognition: semi-continuous exposures, causal inference and evidence synthesis
- Prior beliefs and methodological concepts in scientific reasoning
- Job Satisfaction Through the Lens of Social Media: Rural--Urban Patterns in the U.S
- Marginally specified models for analyzing multivariate longitudinal binary data
- Can discrete-time analyses be trusted for stepped wedge trials with continuous recruitment?
- Competition trade‐offs in the organisation of a Mediterranean ant assemblage
- Point and interval estimation of the target dose using weighted regression modelling
- Semiparametric Regression for Repeated Outcomes with Nonignorable Nonresponse
- Multi-level Latent Variable Models for Coheritability Analysis in Electronic Health Records
- Area Requirements of Grassland Birds: A Regional Perspective
- What’s trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature
- Statistical Power for Estimating Treatment Effects Using\n Difference-in-Differences and Comparative Interrupted Time Series Designs\n with Variation in Treatment Timing
- Efficacy Analysis in Clinical Trials: A Comprehensive Review of Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches
- Personalized HeartSteps: A Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Optimizing Physical Activity
- Classifier comparison using precision
- Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review
- Corporate Governance and Backdating of Executive Stock Options*
- Design-based Analysis in Difference-In-Differences Settings with Staggered Adoption
- Influence of Mammography Acquisition Parameters on AI and Radiologist Interpretive Performance
- Family Firm Governance, Strategic Conformity, and Performance: Institutional vs. Strategic Perspectives
- Accounting for the Gap: A Firm Study Manipulating Organizational Accountability and Transparency in Pay Decisions
- Organizations Non Gratae? The Impact of Unethical Corporate Acts on Interorganizational Networks
- LMLFM: Longitudinal Multi-Level Factorization Machine
- Vigorous Physical Activity, Mental Health, Perceived Stress, and Socializing among College Students
- Body Image Dissatisfaction and the Adrenarchal Transition
- Data Mining for Longitudinal Data under Multicollinearity and Time\n Dependence using Penalized Generalized Estimating Equations
- Modelling the covariance structure in marginal multivariate count models: Hunting in Bioko Island
- Social contagion theory: examining dynamic social networks and human behavior
- Incidence and Severity of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Omicron Era: A Prospective Cohort Study
- Finding solutions for bird restoration and livestock management: comparing grazing exclusion levels
- Exploratory Analysis of Mental Health and Quality of Life Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Sitting Time in Older Adults With Obesity
- Expert Craftswomen: A Multidisciplinary Experimental Bioarchaeological Look at Past Tiwanaku (AD 500–1100) Labor and Present Andean Expertise
- Assessing Time-Varying Causal Effect Moderation in Mobile Health
- Inference with Difference-in-Differences and Other Panel Data
- Sample Size Calculation for Cluster Randomized Trials with Zero-inflated Count Outcomes
- Co- and self-regulation of emotions in the preschool setting
- Brand crises in the digital age: The short- and long-term effects of social media firestorms on consumers and brands
- Graph-Based Equilibrium Metrics for Dynamic Supply–Demand Systems With Applications to Ride-sourcing Platforms
- The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives
- Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?
- Body fat distribution, blood pressure, and hypertension
- Empirical likelihood inference for longitudinal data with covariate measurement errors: An application to the LEAN study
- Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations: The Relationship Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Resident Satisfaction
- R&D Heterogeneity and Countercyclical Productivity Dispersion
- Bayesian Geostatistical Modeling for Cluster Randomized Trials
- Copula-based robust optimal block designs
- Rapid and continuing regional decline of butterflies in eastern Denmark 1993-2019
- Optimal two-treatment crossover designs for binary response models
- Conditional and Marginal Models: Another View
- Teacher knows best? The social influence of teachers and peers in high school
- Time perspective and volunteerism: The importance of focusing on the future
- The Epidemiology of Arm and Hand Swelling in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors
- Weighted generalized estimating equations and unified estimation for longitudinal data with nonmonotone missing data patterns
- Prevention of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies among Nonpregnant American Indian Women
- Arbitrated Indirect Treatment Comparisons
- On the unnecessary ubiquity of hierarchical linear modeling.
- Randomization inference for difference-in-differences with few treated clusters
- The ties that bind II: Reunification for siblings in out-of-home care using a statistical technique for examining non-independent observations
- Micro-scale urbanization-based risk factors for dengue epidemics
- Feasible Generalized Least Squares for Panel Data with Cross-sectional and Serial Correlations
- Can human brain connectivity explain verbal working memory?
- The Lasting Effects of Early-Childhood Education on Promoting the Skills and Social Mobility of Disadvantaged African Americans and Their Children
- Cluster-Robust Variance Estimation for Dyadic Data
- Doubly Robust-Based Generalized Estimating Equations for the Analysis of\n Longitudinal Ordinal Missing Data
- Inference in pseudo-observation-based regression using (biased) covariance estimation and naive bootstrapping
- Generalized Fitted Q-Iteration with Clustered Data
- An Accurate Standard Error Estimation for Quadratic Exponential Logistic Regressions by Applying Generalized Estimating Equations to Pseudo-Likelihoods
- Beyond kappa: A review of interrater agreement measures
- Modeling and Exploiting the Time Course of Chromatic Adaptation for Display Power Optimizations in Virtual Reality
- Negative Feedback Fuels Hate Speech: A Deep Learning Analysis of 25 Million News Comments
- Weighted scores method for longitudinal ordinal data
- What is a standard error? (And how should we compute it?)
- Model Selection, Confounder Control, and Marginal Structural Models
- School Difficulties and Long COVID in Children and Adolescents
- Observed-to-Expected Fetal Losses Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Early Pregnancy
- ADAS-Cog Trajectories Differ from Expected Decline in Dementia Following Repeated Non-Invasive Interventions over 3 Years
- Politische Raumkultur als Verstärker der Corona-Pandemie? Einflussfaktoren auf die regionale Inzidenzentwicklung in Deutschland in der ersten und zweiten Pandemiewelle 2020. Erweiterte Fassung
- Brain Control of a Computer Cursor for Online Target Selection - A Non-Invasive BCI for Continuous Movement Decoding
- Pseudo-observations in survival analysis
- Mixed-effects models for the design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials: An overview
- Incomplete hierarchical data
- Smoothing combined estimating equations in quantile regression for longitudinal data
- When artificial intelligence meets accountability: Who holds legitimacy as account givers and holders?
- Bayesian transition models for ordinal longitudinal outcomes
- Adjusted predictions for generalized estimating equations
- Evolution of Visual Field Defects After Occipital Stroke: A Quantitative Analysis
- Estimation of marginal model with subgroup auxiliary information
- Seasonal Incidence of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection From 2015 to 2019 in a Cohort of Adults With High-risk Conditions
- Sample Size Planning for Statistical Power and Accuracy in Parameter Estimation
- Racial Disparity in Police Contacts
- Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Weight Change Over 7 Years
- Semiparametric Optimal Estimation With Nonignorable Nonresponse Data
- Strong consistency and optimality for generalized estimating equations\n with stochastic covariates
- Efficient estimation for flexible spatial zero-inflated models with environmental applications
- Optimal Crossover Designs for Generalized Linear Models
- Cox Regression on the Plane
- Bayesian Crossover Designs for Generalized Linear Models
- Drinking water contamination as a population-wide determinant of mortality in California
- Right on cue? Category‐switching in online marketplaces
- Standardizing catch and effort data: a review of recent approaches
- Heterogeneity-aware and communication-efficient distributed statistical inference
- Generalized Correlation Regression for Disentangling Dependence in Clustered Data
- Optional subsampling for generalized estimating equations in growing-dimensional longitudinal Data
- Innovative competence, exploration and exploitation: The influence of technological diversification
- Nonresponse Bias Analysis in Longitudinal Studies: A Comparative Review with an Application to the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
- Estimating the average treatment effect in cluster-randomized trials with misclassified outcomes and non-random validation subsets
- Estimation for Single-Index mixed models with Longitudinal data
- A Longitudinal Study of Hypertension Risk Factors and Their Relation to Cardiovascular Disease
- Homogeneity Test of Proportions for Combined Unilateral and Bilateral Data via GEE and MLE Approaches
- A prediction criterion for working correlation structure selection in\n GEE
- Robust Inference Under Heteroskedasticity via the Hadamard Estimator
- Panel data methods for fractional response variables with an application to test pass rates
- Matters Arising: Spatial correlation in economic analysis of climate change
- Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR motivations and organizational performance
- Effects of a scientific echo sounder on the behavior of short-finned pilot whales (<i>Globicephala macrorhynchus</i>)
- A Personalized Exercise Assistant using Reinforcement Learning (PEARL): Results from a four-arm Randomized-controlled Trial
- The semiparametric Bernstein-von Mises theorem for models with symmetric error
- Optimization of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol by Defining a Reliable Estimate for Corticospinal Excitability
- Estimation for recurrent events through conditional estimating equations
- Environmental social governance, standardized quality management systems and green innovation: evidence from Brazil
- Design and analysis of individually randomized multiple baseline factorial trials
- Reduction Techniques for Survival Analysis
- Weighted quantile regression for longitudinal data
- On doing relevant and rigorous experiments: Review and recommendations
- Missing at Random or Not: A Semiparametric Testing Approach
- Modeling the Association Structure in Doubly Robust GEE for Longitudinal\n Ordinal Missing Data
- The Development of Associations Among Body Mass Index, Body Dissatisfaction, and Weight and Shape Concern in Adolescent Boys and Girls
- Trajectories of Recovery after Intravenous propofol versus inhaled VolatilE anaesthesia (THRIVE) randomised controlled trial in the USA: A protocol
- Optimal design of longitudinal data analysis using generalized estimating equation models
- On large-sample estimation and testing via quadratic inference functions for correlated data
- Semiparametric response model with nonignorable nonresponse
- The Framingham Heart Study 100K SNP genome-wide association study resource: overview of 17 phenotype working group reports. [europepmc]
- Improving patient understanding of prescription drug label instructions. [europepmc]
- Physical activity patterns during pregnancy through postpartum. [europepmc]
- Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats. [europepmc]
- African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES): II. Ancestry differences in optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular structure in healthy subjects. [europepmc]
- The impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 European cities: results from the EuroHEAT project. [europepmc]
- Engagement and retention: measuring breadth and depth of participant use of an online intervention. [europepmc]
- Slow and steady wins the race: a randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. [europepmc]
- A comprehensive genetic association study of Alzheimer disease in African Americans. [europepmc]
- Predicting mortality risk in patients undergoing venovenous ECMO for ARDS due to influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia: the ECMOnet score. [europepmc]
- Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years. [europepmc]
- Performance variance on walking while talking tasks: theory, findings, and clinical implications. [europepmc]
- The familial risk of autism. [europepmc]
- A web-based sexual violence bystander intervention for male college students: randomized controlled trial. [europepmc]
- Patients' Satisfaction with and Preference for Telehealth Visits. [europepmc]
- A modified exponential behavioral economic demand model to better describe consumption data. [europepmc]
- The health and economic burden of bloodstream infections caused by antimicrobial-susceptible and non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus in European hospitals, 2010 and 2011: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. [europepmc]
- HbA 1c level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study. [europepmc]
- Pulmonary Metastasectomy versus Continued Active Monitoring in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC): a multicentre randomised clinical trial. [europepmc]
- Brain Imaging Genomics: Integrated Analysis and Machine Learning. [europepmc]
- The Efficacy of Lockdown Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis. [europepmc]
- Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China : A Prospective Cohort Study. [europepmc]
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Household Food Insecurity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Nationally Representative Study. [europepmc]
- Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19: The RECOVERY-RS Randomized Clinical Trial. [europepmc]
- Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System : A Population-Based Cohort Study. [europepmc]
Related