A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
1965/06/01 by John L. Horn · 99 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Mathematics · #Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods #Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
paper · doi:10.1007/bf02289447
Abstract
It is suggested that if Guttman’s latent-root-one lower bound estimate for the rank of a correlation matrix is accepted as a psychometric upper bound, following the proofs and arguments of Kaiser and Dickman, then the rank for a sample matrix should be estimated by subtracting out the component in the latent roots which can be attributed to sampling error, and least-squares “capitalization” on this error, in the calculation of the correlations and the roots. A procedure based on the generation of random variables is given for estimating the component which needs to be subtracted.
Cited by
- Unfolding GAL-TAN: the multi-dimensional nature of public opinion in Western Europe
- A Second Generation Little Jiffy
- A New Compassion Scale for Children and Its Psychometric Properties
- Evolutionary Personality Psychology
- A general method for computing hierarchical component structures by Goldberg’s Bass-Ackwards method
- What Do We Fear? Expected Sanctions for Expressing Minority Opinions in Offline and Online Communication
- An efficient adaptive dimension selection algorithm for multidimensional probit graded response models
- Stochastic Sampling is Epistemically Shallow: The Dimensionality Gap Between Temperature Variation and Model Diversity in LLMs
- Topological turning points across the human lifespan
- Refinement, scoring, and validation of the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) survey*
- Responding to negative social identity: a taxonomy of identity management strategies
- Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism
- Towards a taxonomy of personality facets
- Leisure Guilt
- Development and validation of a screener for English learning difficulties among Chinese second-language learners
- The Struggle Is Relative: A Comparative Processing Perspective on Academic Self-Concept and Student Mental Health
- Competition‐Induced Trait Variability Obscures Trait–Growth Relationships of Tree Seedlings
- Emotional burden in school as a source of mental health problems associated with ADHD and/or autism: Development and validation of a new co‐produced self‐report measure
- Mapping semantic space: Exploring the higher-order structure of word meaning
- A Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices: What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?
- A systematic approach to identify and evaluate missing data patterns and mechanisms in multivariate educational, social, and behavioral research
- The Risky Appearance Altering Behaviours Inventory (RAABI): A validated new outcome measure for sociocultural models of body image in English and Spanish speaking women
- Applying the Network Item Response Model to Student Assessment Data
- A Personal Resource for Technology Interaction: Development and Validation of the Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) Scale
- Cultural Food Practices and Their Potential Role in Mitigating Disordered Eating Among American Indian/First Nations Youth
- Development and validation of an appearance motivation attitudes scale for sun protection
- Early student-teacher relationships and autism: Student perspectives and teacher concordance
- Exploratory factor analysis: Current use, methodological developments and recommendations for good practice
- The Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA): New evidence on dimensionality and measurement invariance across two cultural settings
- Development and Validation of the Scientific Reasoning Scale
- The Motivated Chatterbox: Examining the Motives of Goal Sharing
- Learning with multiple external representations in physics: Concreteness fading versus simultaneous presentation
- The association between system-justifying ideologies and attitudes toward the social market economy in Germany
- (Cyber)Rape Culture: Development and Validation of the Acceptance of Myths About Cyber-Sexual Violence Against Women (AMCYS) Scale in Spanish and English
- Unraveling the Overall Picture of Japanese Dialect Variation: What Factors Shape the Big Picture?
- Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout in a national sample of trauma treatment therapists
- General Belongingness, Workplace Belongingness, and Depressive Symptoms
- Determining the Number of Factors to Retain in EFA: An easy-to-use computer program for carrying out Parallel Analysis
- Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale in Youth: Screening in a Primary Care Sample
- The childhood trauma questionnaire in a community sample: Psychometric properties and normative data
- Validity of the Student Interest and Engagement Scales: Associations with Student Learning Outcomes
- Perceptions of complexity in sustainability: Scale construction and validation
- Development and validation of the Awe Short Measure (Awe-SM)
- Scale Development Research
- Representing caregiver burden in observational studies: Development of the Caregiver Burden Index (CareBI) using NSOC
- Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale
- The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment
- Beyond Distress and Fear: Differential Psychopathology Correlates of PTSD Symptom Clusters
- Development and Initial Evaluation of the German Version of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Self-Report (HiTOP-SR)
- Parent‐child interaction at age 5 months: genetic and environmental contributions and associations with later socio‐communicative development
- Modeling Retrospective Attribution of Responsibility to Hazard‐Managing Institutions: An Example Involving a Food Contamination Incident
- Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form 2.0: Utility in Capturing Personality Problems in Psychiatric Outpatients and Incarcerated Addicts
- Exploratory Factor Analysis With Small Samples and Missing Data
- Psychometric Evaluation and Sociodemographic Measurement Invariance of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Adolescents in Luxembourg
- Internationally Informed Consensus on Research Priorities in Paramedicine and Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
- A single low-dimensional neural component of motor unit activity explains force generation across repetitive isometric tasks
- Development and Validation of the Prosocial Behavior in School Scale
- Bystander role orientations in image-based sexual abuse: Initial steps in developing and operationalizing the concept
- Spatio-temporal variation of the functional spectrum of saproxylic communities in a Spanish protected natural area under global change
- Normative Data, Predictive Validity, and Factor Structure of a Fourth-Generation Risk Assessment Tool (ORAC-PCQ) in a Population of Adjudicated Individuals Serving Short Sentences in the Province of Québec (Canada)
- Psychological Distance to Science as a Predictor of Science Skepticism Across Domains
- Being critical is innovative: Constructive patriotism and collective actions are related to social entrepreneurship intentions
- On the strength of ties that bind: Measuring the strength of norms in romantic relationships
- Morality as cooperation, politics as conflict
- Correlations between person-descriptive items are predictable from the product of their mid-point-centered social desirability values
- Genetic influences on suicide attempt in adolescence: Evaluating mediation by impulsivity and painful and provocative events
- Welfare or politics? The identity of Italian mutual aid societies as revealed by a latent class cluster analysis of their annual reports
- The Factor Structure of the Presence Questionnaire
- Worldview psychology and the representation of spirituality, naturalism, and agnosticism: conceptualisation and psychometric measurement
- Robust high dimensional factor models with applications to statistical machine learning
- Item Response Theory -- A Statistical Framework for Educational and Psychological Measurement
- The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context
- Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
- Network Signflip Parallel Analysis for Selecting the Embedding Dimension
- Estimation of the Number of Spiked Eigenvalues in a Covariance Matrix by Bulk Eigenvalue Matching Analysis
- A Parsimonious Explanation of the Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled Personality Types
- The Spiritual Supporter Scale as a New Tool for Assessing Spiritual Care Competencies in Professionals: Design, Validation, and Psychometric Evaluation
- Estimation of large block structured covariance matrices: Application to "multi-omic" approaches to study seed quality
- The Moral Injury Symptoms Scale–Military Version–Short Form: Further Scale Validation in a U.S. Veteran Sample
- The dynamics of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity across the early school years
- The component structure of memory during development.
- Psychometric Evaluation of the Culture around Systemic Change Survey: A tool for Assessing Departmental Culture in Physics
- General mental ability (Spearman's g) in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
- MAQuA: Adaptive Question-Asking for Multidimensional Mental Health Screening using Item Response Theory
- The dire disregard of measurement invariance testing in psychological science.
- A Proposed Solution to the Problem With Using Completely Random Data to Assess the Number of Factors With Parallel Analysis
- Assessing unidimensionality: A comparison of Rasch Modeling, Parallel Analysis, and TETRAD
- Understanding the effects of professors' pedagogical development with Clicker Assessment and Feedback technologies and the impact on students' engagement and learning in higher education
- What Causes Business Cycles? Analysis of the Japanese Industrial\n Production Data
- A Fully Automated, Data-Driven Approach for Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering in Single-Cell RNA-seq Analysis
- Exploring teachers’ perspectives on extramural English: A cross-national study in Portugal and Spain
- SPSS Survival Manual
- Inclusion: Conceptualization and measurement
- Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.
- The F–PEC Scale of Family Influence: Construction, Validation, and Further Implication for Theory
- The Voice Experience Inventory (VOXI): Validating a consensus-driven instrument for measuring user impressions of computer voice
- Exploratory graph analysis: A new approach for estimating the number of dimensions in psychological research
- Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire.
- The Effects of Flipped Classrooms in Higher Education: A Causal Machine Learning Analysis
Related