Understanding the Divergent Data on Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy

2003/02/13 by Francine Grodstein, Thomas B. Clarkson, JoAnn E. Manson · 3 citations
Medicine · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments #Estrogen and related hormone effects #Hormonal and reproductive studies #Medicine #Observational study #Hormone therapy #Randomized controlled trial #Hormone replacement therapy (female-to-male) #Hormone #Clinical trial #Internal medicine #Intensive care medicine #Oncology #Bioinformatics #Breast cancer #Cancer #Testosterone (patch)

paper · doi:10.1056/nejmsb022365

openalex publication_date 2003/02/13 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

In contrast to observational studies, randomized clinical trials of hormone-replacement therapy have not shown a cardioprotective effect. The authors propose several methodologic and biologic explanations for these discrepant results.

Citations

• Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial
• Decreased Mortality in Users of Estrogen Replacement Therapy
• A Comparison of Observational Studies and Randomized, Controlled Trials

Cited by

• Observationalversus experimental studies: What’s the evidence for a hierarchy?
• Estrogen receptors and human disease
• Randomized controlled trial [wikipedia]