Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies
2019/11/12 by Matthew W. Gallagher, Laura J. Long, Colleen A. Phillips · 31 citations
Psychology · #Optimism, Hope, and Well-being #Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research #Resilience and Mental Health
paper · doi:10.1002/jclp.22882
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present meta-analysis consolidated research examining how positive expectancies (e.g., hope, self-efficacy, and optimism) may protect against the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Articles were identified by searching PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. RESULTS: Aggregated results from 154 studies indicated that positive expectancies were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. This relationship was stronger for coping-specific self-efficacy (k = 38, r = -.49; -.54 to -.43) and hope (k = 20, r = -.34; -.39 to -.28) compared with general self-efficacy (k = 45, r = -.25; -.30 to -.20) and optimism (k = 59, r = -.29; -.33 to -.25) when examining cross-sectional studies, and results were consistent in prospective studies. Age and gender did not moderate the cross-sectional relationships. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that positive expectancies predict post-trauma resilience. Future research should identify moderators and examine positive expectancies as mechanisms of change in therapy.
Citations
Cited by
- When an earthquake hits a war-affected population: longitudinal growth trajectories of psychopathology in individuals in northwest Syria
- A systematic review of individual, social, and societal resilience factors in response to societal challenges and crises
- Cognitive Sex/Gender Differences and the Beliefs in Own Spatial Abilities
- Self-belief formation
- Hope among patients discharged from an intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study
- The mediating role of coping self-efficacy on social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors
- Psychological Distress after a Diagnosis of Malignant Mesothelioma in a Group of Patients and Caregivers at the National Priority Contaminated Site of Casale Monferrato. [europepmc]
- The Mediating Role of Hope in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Chinese Patients with Oral Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study. [europepmc]
- Cultivating Affective Resilience: Proof-of-Principle Evidence of Translational Benefits From a Novel Cognitive-Emotional Training Intervention. [europepmc]
- Coping and Post-Traumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents after an Acute Onset Disaster: A Systematic Review. [europepmc]
- An exploratory study of embitterment in traumatized refugees. [europepmc]
- Predictors of Adolescent Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cognitive Reappraisal and Humor. [europepmc]
- Traumatic Distress of COVID-19 and Depression in the General Population: Exploring the Role of Resilience, Anxiety, and Hope. [europepmc]
- The impact of physical fitness on resilience to modern life stress and the mediating role of general self-efficacy. [europepmc]
- Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease. [europepmc]
- What factors explain anger and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The case of Israeli society. [europepmc]
- A cascade model of complex posttraumatic stress disorder centered on childhood trauma and maltreatment, attachment, and socio-interpersonal factors. [europepmc]
- Trajectories of resilience and posttraumatic stress in childhood cancer: Consistency of child and parent outcomes. [europepmc]
- Psychological Network Analysis of General Self-Efficacy in High vs. Low Resilient Functioning Healthy Adults. [europepmc]
- Protective Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Outcomes in Individuals With Experiences of Psychosis. [europepmc]
- Prioritizing Positivity, Styles of Rumination, Coping Strategies, and Posttraumatic Growth: Examining Their Patterns and Correlations in a Prospective Study. [europepmc]
- The Relationship between Exercise and Mental Health Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: From the Perspective of Hope. [europepmc]
- Being Hopeful and Mindful During Adversity: A Longitudinal Study on College Students' Adjustment During COVID-19. [europepmc]
- The Moderated Mediating Effect of Hope, Self-Efficacy and Resilience in the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Growth and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. [europepmc]
- Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Hope. [europepmc]
- The interrelations between psychological outcome trajectories and resource changes amid large-scale disasters: A growth mixture modeling analysis. [europepmc]
- Differential associations of leisure music engagement with resilience: A network analysis. [europepmc]
- The mediating role of self-efficacy between workplace violence and PTSD among nurses in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. [europepmc]
- The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support. [europepmc]
- A systematic review of individual, social, and societal resilience factors in response to societal challenges and crises. [europepmc]
- Modelling the impact of environmental and social determinants on mental health using generative agents. [europepmc]
Related