2014/07/15 by Richard L. Fox, Jennifer L. Lawless · 1 citation
Social Sciences · #Gender Politics and Representation #Political Science Research and Education #Electoral Systems and Political Participation
paper · pdf · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000227
openalex publication_date 2014/07/15 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Based on survey responses from a national random sample of nearly 4,000 high school and college students, we uncover a dramatic gender gap in political ambition. This finding serves as striking evidence that the gap is present well before women and men enter the professions from which most candidates emerge. We then use political socialization—which we gauge through a myriad of socializing agents and early life experiences—as a lens through which to explain the individual-level differences we uncover. Our analysis reveals that parental encouragement, politicized educational and peer experiences, participation in competitive activities, and a sense of self-confidence propel young people's interest in running for office. But on each of these dimensions, women, particularly once they are in college, are at a disadvantage. By identifying when and why gender differences in interest in running for office materialize, we begin to uncover the origins of the gender gap in political ambition. Taken together, our results suggest that concerns about substantive and symbolic representation will likely persist.