Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
2009/01/01 by Johan Rockström, Will Steffen, Kevin J. Noone +26 · 29 citations
Environmental Science · Physics and Astronomy · Earth and Planetary Sciences · #Coastal and Marine Management #Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life #Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
paper · doi:10.5751/es-03180-140232
openalex publication_date 2009/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Abstract
Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, F. S. Chapin, III, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. De Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, R. W. Corell, V. J. Fabry, J. Hansen, B. Walker, D. Liverman, K. Richardson, P. Crutzen, and J. Foley. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society 14(2): 32. 10.5751/ES-03180-140232
Citations
- Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2
- A 20th century acceleration in global sea‐level rise
- ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
- Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols
- Ocean acidification may increase calcification rates, but at a cost
- Tennessee Valley Authority v. Whitman and the Law of Unintended Consequences
- The Future of Biodiversity
- Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems
- An Earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle
- Phytoplankton Calcification in a High-CO 2 World
- Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive "Acidified" Water onto the Continental Shelf
- Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth
- Impact of Anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 System in the Oceans
- Effect of elevated pCO2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions with seasonal change in temperature/irradiance and nutrient enrichment
- Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system
- Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses
- Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes
- Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
- Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
- Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
- Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
- Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO 2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
- Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions
- Regime Shifts, Resilience, and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management
- Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders
- Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?
- Oceanic acidification affects marine carbon pump and triggers extended marine oxygen holes
- Global Consequences of Land Use
- Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment
- Turning back from the brink: Detecting an impending regime shift in time to avert it
- Ocean Acidification: The Other CO2Problem
- The Influence of Pollution on the Shortwave Albedo of Clouds
- Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems
- The solubility of calcite and aragonite in seawater at various salinities, temperatures, and one atmosphere total pressure
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- Modeling Sustainability: Population, Inequality, Consumption, and Bidirectional Coupling of the Earth and Human Systems
- A holistic approach to studying social-ecological systems and its application to southern Transylvania
- Probabilities for large events in driven threshold systems
- Green growth in the mirror of history
- “Nature's contributions to people” and peoples' moral obligations to nature
- Land transformation by humans: A review
- The Anthropocene biosphere
- World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency
- Population growth, energy use, and the implications for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
- World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021
- Electricity Market Mechanism regarding the Operational Flexibility of Power Plants
- Shifting Priorities in Degrowth Research: An Argument for the Centrality of Human Needs
- The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
- Safe and Just Operating Space for India
- A Doughnut for the Anthropocene: humanity's compass in the 21st century
- Analysing progress of sustainable development goal 6 in India: Past, present, and future
- Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
- A planetary boundary for green water
- Ecological limits: Science, justice, policy, and the good life
- The Boundaries of the Planetary Boundary Framework: A Critical Appraisal of Approaches to Define a “Safe Operating Space” for Humanity
- Adaptation to and Recovery from Global Catastrophe
- How to Assess Knowledge Cumulation in Environmental Governance Research? Conceptual and Empirical Explorations
- Wicked Dilemmas of Scale and Complexity in the Politics of Degrowth
- Is Green Growth Possible?
- Multiple agroecological practices use and climate change mitigation. A review
- Classifying global catastrophic risks
- Diana Liverman [wikipedia]
- Environmental anthropology [wikipedia]
- Planetary boundaries [wikipedia]
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