Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion

2009/08/31 by Krishna Rajagopal, Nilesh Tripuraneni
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Cavitation #Classical mechanics #Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics #High-Energy Particle Collisions Research #Invariant (physics) #Mathematical physics #Mechanics #Nuclear reactor physics and engineering #Physics #Quantum electrodynamics #Thermodynamics #Viscosity #Volume viscosity #hep-ph #hep-th #nucl-th

paper · pdf · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2010)018

published as JHEP 1003:018,2010 · 25 pages, 4 figures; 3 footnotes added in v2; 1 footnote amended in v3, which is the version published in JHEP

arxiv created 2010/02/16 · openalex publication_date 2010/03/01 · arxiv updated 2010/03/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

We solve second order relativistic hydrodynamics equations for a boost-invariant 1+1-dimensional expanding fluid with an equation of state taken from lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. We investigate the dependence of the energy density as a function of proper time on the values of the shear viscosity, the bulk viscosity, and second order coefficients, confirming that large changes in the values of the latter have negligible effects. Varying the shear viscosity between zero and a few times s/(4 pi), with s the entropy density, has significant effects, as expected based on other studies. Introducing a nonzero bulk viscosity also has significant effects. In fact, if the bulk viscosity peaks near the crossover temperature Tc to the degree indicated by recent lattice calculations in QCD without quarks, it can make the fluid cavitate -- falling apart into droplets. It is interesting to see a hydrodynamic calculation predicting its own breakdown, via cavitation, at the temperatures where hadronization is thought to occur in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.

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