Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae

1998/12/08 by S. Perlmutter, G. Aldering, G. Goldhaber +40 · 2 voices · 371 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research #Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies #astro-ph #hep-ex #hep-ph

paper · pdf · doi:10.1086/307221

published as Astrophys.J.517:565-586,1999 · 21 pages and 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Individual color figures, supplementary tables, and preprint also available at http://www-supernova.lbl.gov/

arxiv created 1998/12/08 · arxiv published 1998/12/08 · arxiv updated 1998/12/08 · openalex publication_date 1999/06/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04

Abstract

We report measurements of the mass density, Ω M , and cosmological-constant energy density, Ω Λ , of the universe based on the analysis of 42 type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project. The magnitude-redshift data for these supernovae, at redshifts between 0.18 and 0.83, are fitted jointly with a set of supernovae from the Calán/Tololo Supernova Survey, at redshifts below 0.1, to yield values for the cosmological parameters. All supernova peak magnitudes are standardized using a SN Ia light-curve width-luminosity relation. The measurement yields a joint probability distribution of the cosmological parameters that is approximated by the relation 0.8Ω M -0.6Ω Λ ≈-0.2±0.1 in the region of interest (Ω M ≲1.5). For a flat (Ω M +Ω Λ =1) cosmology we find Ω M flat =0.28 +0.09 -0.08 (1 σ statistical) +0.05 -0.04 (identified systematics). The data are strongly inconsistent with a Λ=0 flat cosmology, the simplest inflationary universe model. An open, Λ=0 cosmology also does not fit the data well: the data indicate that the cosmological constant is nonzero and positive, with a confidence of P (Λ>0)=99%, including the identified systematic uncertainties. The best-fit age of the universe relative to the Hubble time is t 0 flat =14.9 +1.4 -1.1 (0.63/ h ) Gyr for a flat cosmology. The size of our sample allows us to perform a variety of statistical tests to check for possible systematic errors and biases. We find no significant differences in either the host reddening distribution or Malmquist bias between the low-redshift Calán/Tololo sample and our high-redshift sample. Excluding those few supernovae that are outliers in color excess or fit residual does not significantly change the results. The conclusions are also robust whether or not a width-luminosity relation is used to standardize the supernova peak magnitudes. We discuss and constrain, where possible, hypothetical alternatives to a cosmological constant.

Citations

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant

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Discussions

• I can't see why you think this would be the simplest explanation. A universe expanding at a constant rate would have to be empty, since the presence of matter slows the expansion. And if you measure h [stackexchange, 2 points]
• Do both 🤪 "The differences between the confidence regions that result from Bayesian and classical analyses are small. We present the Bayesian confidence regions in the figures, since they are somewha [bsky, 1 points, 1 comments]