The Nature and Origins of Misperceptions: Understanding False and Unsupported Beliefs About Politics
2017/01/26 by D.J. Flynn, Brendan Nyhan, Jason Reifler · 1 voice · 54 citations
Social Sciences · #Electoral Systems and Political Participation #Social Media and Politics #Social and Intergroup Psychology
paper · doi:10.1111/pops.12394
openalex publication_date 2017/01/26 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
Abstract
Political misperceptions can distort public debate and undermine people's ability to form meaningful opinions. Why do people often hold these false or unsupported beliefs, and why is it sometimes so difficult to convince them otherwise? We argue that political misperceptions are typically rooted in directionally motivated reasoning, which limits the effectiveness of corrective information about controversial issues and political figures. We discuss factors known to affect the prevalence of directionally motivated reasoning and assess strategies for accurately measuring misperceptions in surveys. Finally, we address the normative implications of misperceptions for democracy and suggest important topics for future research.
Citations
Cited by
- Left Out: How Political Ideology Affects Support for Migrants in Colombia
- Understanding Fake News Consumption: A Review
- Mobile money and the social contract: Experimental evidence from Ghana
- From political to democratic sophistication—A critical reappraisal
- Perceptions of Ethnic Minority Discrimination: Statistics and Stories Move Majorities
- The Fragility of the Local News Trust Advantage: Evidence from Republican Attacks on Local News
- Misperceptions about Immigration: Reviewing Their Nature, Motivations and Determinants
- Consider the following: A pilot study of the effects of an educational television program on viewer perceptions of anthropogenic climate change and ocean acidification
- The Emotional Dynamics of Partisan Media and Political Misperceptions
- ‘Reading between the lies’: Reading achievement, socioeconomic inequality, and adolescents' resistance to misinformation
- Misconceptions, Misinformation, and the Logic of Identity-Protective Cognition
- Divisions at Home, Broken Promises Abroad? How Domestic Politics Shapes the United States’ Nuclear Credibility
- The Impact of Increased Learning Opportunities on Political Knowledge: Evidence From Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in Finland in 2008 and 2020
- “We Don’t Know” Means “They’re Not Sure”
- Unmasking the Backfire Effect: An Exploration of Resistance to Fact-Checking in the Digital Age
- Political and content drivers of social media impact in Spanish general elections: a twelve-year analysis from leading candidates on Twitter
- From News Literacy to Skepticism: Examining the Pathways That Shape the “News-Finds-Me” Perception
- Who Believes Misinformation That Is Aligned with Dominant Narratives in Mainstream Media?
- Gaining ultra-nationalists' trust in post-conflict research: The case of divided Cyprus
- A Framework for the Study of Persuasion
- Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration
- Understanding Conspiracy Theories
- The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation
- Not a Bioweapon, or is it? The Role of Perceived Threats and Media Use in COVID-19 Misperceptions
- Amplifying Division: Electoral Misinformation and Political Intolerance in Brazil
- Gaslighting Citizens
- Human-Misinformation interaction: Understanding the interdisciplinary approach needed to computationally combat false information
- Disentangling intent and behaviour: news avoidance and its implications for political knowledge
- Manufacturing doubt
- Beyond Credibility: The Effects of Different Forms of Visual Disinformation
- Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News
- The mass politics of public debt, immigration, and austerity
- Credibility as a Double-Edged Sword: The Effects of Deceptive Source Misattribution on Disinformation Discernment on Personal Messaging
- Towards Designing Social Interventions For Online Climate Change Denialism Discussions
- Science Curiosity and Political Information Processing
- The Link Between Individual Predispositions and Misperceptions About Immigrants: Insights From Denmark
- Predictors of credibility perceptions: The moderating role of political ideology
- Characterizing Political Fake News in Twitter by its Meta-Data
- Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom
- Misinformation, Narratives, and Intergroup Attitudes: Evidence from India
- Bullshitting and Bullibility – Conditions and Consequences
- Measuring Misperceptions?
- Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation
- How to study democratic backsliding
- The Liar’s Dividend: Can Politicians Claim Misinformation to Evade Accountability?
- The influence of cycle lanes on road users’ perception of road space
- The Paradox of Information Access: On Modeling Social-Media-Induced Polarization
- False Information on Web and Social Media: A Survey
- The Paranoid Style in American Politics Revisited: An Ideological Asymmetry in Conspiratorial Thinking
- Real Solutions for Fake News? Measuring the Effectiveness of General Warnings and Fact-Check Tags in Reducing Belief in False Stories on Social Media
- Towards Automated Factchecking: Developing an Annotation Schema and Benchmark for Consistent Automated Claim Detection
- Frontiers: The Persuasive Effect of Fox News: Noncompliance with Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Digital Threats to Democracy: Comparative Lessons and Possible Remedies
- Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature
- Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa
Discussions
Related