Challenges for ΛCDM: An update

2021/05/11 by Leandros Perivolaropoulos, L. Perivolaropoulos, Foteini Skara +1 · 1 voice · 69 citations
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Computational Physics and Python Applications #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Scientific Research and Discoveries #astro-ph.CO #gr-qc #hep-ph #hep-th

paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101659

106 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables. 2022 update (updated tables, figures, models and model constraints). Comments and suggestions for next version are welcome

arxiv published 2021/05/11 · openalex publication_date 2021/05/12 · arxiv created 2022/04/06 · crossref created 2022/06/27 · arxiv updated 2022/07/20 · crossref issued 2022/12/01 · crossref published 2022/12/01 · crossref published-print 2022/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref deposited 2025/10/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28 · crossref indexed 2026/07/30

Abstract

A number of challenges to the standard ΛCDM model have been emerging during the past few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss in a unified manner many existing signals in cosmological and astrophysical data that appear to be in some tension (2σ or larger) with the standard ΛCDM model as specified by the Cosmological Principle, General Relativity and the Planck18 parameter values. In addition to the well-studied 5σ challenge of ΛCDM (the Hubble H₀ tension) and other well known tensions (the growth tension, and the lensing amplitude A_L anomaly), we discuss a wide range of other less discussed less-standard signals which appear at a lower statistical significance level than the H₀ tension some of them known as 'curiosities' in the data) which may also constitute hints towards new physics. For example such signals include cosmic dipoles (the fine structure constant α, velocity and quasar dipoles), CMB asymmetries, BAO Lyα tension, age of the Universe issues, the Lithium problem, small scale curiosities like the core-cusp and missing satellite problems, quasars Hubble diagram, oscillating short range gravity signals etc. The goal of this pedagogical review is to collectively present the current status (2022 update) of these signals and their level of significance, with emphasis on the Hubble tension and refer to recent resources where more details can be found for each signal. We also briefly discuss theoretical approaches that can potentially explain some of these signals.

Citations

• Local properties of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe cold spot
• The Generalized Uncertainty Principle and Black Hole Remnants
• Unified cosmic history in modified gravity: from F(R) theory to Lorentz non-invariant models
• New constraints on parity symmetry from a re-analysis of the WMAP-7 low-resolution power spectra
• Measuring bulk motion of X-ray clusters via the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect: summarizing the "dark flow" evidence and its implications
• Cosmology with cosmic shear observations: a review
• The NRAO VLA Sky Survey
• A new inflationary universe scenario: A possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity, isotropy and primordial monopole problems
• Testing the cosmological principle of isotropy: local power-spectrum estimates of theWMAPdata
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: final redshift release (DR3) and southern large-scale structures
• A modification of the Newtonian dynamics - Implications for galaxies
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• NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: FINAL MAPS AND RESULTS
• EVIDENCE FOR A ∼300 MEGAPARSEC SCALE UNDER-DENSITY IN THE LOCAL GALAXY DISTRIBUTION
• Dark energy cosmology: the equivalent description via different theoretical models and cosmography tests
• THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER (WISE): MISSION DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL ON-ORBIT PERFORMANCE
• Second-order scalar-tensor field equations in a four-dimensional space
• Quintessence and the Rest of the World: Suppressing Long-Range Interactions
• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Preliminary Maps and Basic Results
• On the large-angle anomalies of the microwave sky
• Lack of large-angle TT correlations persists in WMAP and Planck
• Large-angle cosmic microwave background suppression and polarization predictions
• The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory
• NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS
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• Dynamics of dark energy
• Large-scale alignments from WMAP and Planck
• Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field
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• f(T) teleparallel gravity and cosmology
• Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
• Dark matter and dark energy interactions: theoretical challenges, cosmological implications and observational signatures
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• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
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• Horndeski theory and beyond: a review
• The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
• The Hubble Hunter's Guide
• The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog: Motions from WISE and NEOWISE Data
• Small-Scale Challenges to the ΛCDM Paradigm
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M_\odot Black Hole with a 2.6 M_\odot Compact Object
• Curvature Quintessence
• Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological implications from two decades of spectroscopic surveys at the Apache Point Observatory
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Multi-probe weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering constraints
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Cosmic shear constraints and comparison between two point statistics
• Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
• Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with LambdaCDM
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• Early-Universe Model Building
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• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
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Cited by

• Revisiting observational constraints on coupled exponential quintessence with energy and momentum transfers: Degeneracy with massive neutrinos
• Constraining and Comparing the Dynamical Dark Energy and f(R) Modified Gravity Models with Cosmological Distance Measurements
• Measuring cosmic dipole with the GRB luminosity-time relation
• The anisotropic expansion rate of the local Universe and its covariant cosmographic interpretation
• Non-linear structure formation with elastic interactions in the dark sector
• Is Dark Energy Changing? Probing the Universe's Expansion with present and future astronomical probes
• Investigating the wCDM Model with Latest DESI BAO Observations
• The dark sector of the Universe as a scalar field in Horndeski Gravity
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe
• Beyond CPL: Evidence for dynamical dark energy in three-parameter models
• Covariant cosmography in the presence of local structures: comparing exact solutions and perturbation theory
• Empirical Validation: Investigating the Λ_s CDM Model with new DESI BAO Observations
• Modified Cosmology or Modified Galaxy Astrophysics is Driving the z>6 JWST Results? CMB Experiments can discover the Origin in Near Future
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Constraining deviations from ΛCDM in the Hubble expansion rate
• The Hubble Tension resolved by the DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Measurements
• Dark interactions in neutron star interiors: the interplay of baryons, dark matter, and dark energy
• CLASH-VLT: Constraining deviation from GR with the mass profiles of nine massive galaxy clusters
• Constraining Cosmology with Double-source-plane Strong Gravitational Lenses from the AGEL Survey
• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A ∗
• On the True Significance of the Hubble Tension: A Bayesian Error Decomposition Accounting for Information Loss
• Bouncing Cosmologies in modified gravity with space time torsion
• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Lensing amplitude anomaly and varying electron mass alleviate the Hubble and S₈ tensions
• Addressing Dipole Tension via Clustering in ΛCDM and beyond
• On frequentist confidence intervals in a non-Gaussian regime
• Testing f(T) Gravity with Cosmological Observations: Confronting the Hubble Tension and Implications for the Late-Time Universe
• Parametrizing the Hubble function instead of dark energy: Many possibilities
• Constraints on transition redshift utilizing the latest H(z) measurements and comments on the Hubble tension
• Bianchi Type I Model Cannot Explain the Observed CMB Angular Acoustic Scale Directional Variation
• How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
• Does DESI DR2 challenge ΛCDM paradigm ?
• Quasinormal modes of regular black holes surrounded by skewed dark matter distributions
• Cosmological observational tests in the JWST Era. I: angular size - redshift
• Forecast constraints on null tests of the ΛCDM model with SPHEREx
• Solving an Interacting Quintessence Model with a Sound Horizon Initial Condition and its Observational Constraints
• Neutrino mass tension or suppressed growth rate of matter perturbations?
• Kinematic Distortions of the High-Redshift Universe as Seen from Quasar Proper Motions
• Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
• Cosmological perturbations for smooth sign-switching dark energy models
• Cosmology of Cubic Poincaré Gauge gravity
• The dynamics of background evolution and structure formation in phase space: a semi-cosmographic reconstruction
• Revisiting ΛCDM extensions in light of re-analyzed CMB data
• Cosmological effect of coherent oscillation of ultralight scalar fields in a multicomponent universe
• Cosmographic analysis of sign-switching dark energy
• Reconstruction of dark energy and late-time cosmic expansion using the Weighted Function Regression method
• Extracting local velocity from cosmic dipole using simulations
• Sensitivity of the Global 21-cm Signal to Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• Cosmographic constraints on a Gödel-type rotating universe
• Superfluid Dark Matter
• Pressure Parametrization of Dark Energy: First and Second-Order Constraints with Latest Cosmological Data
• Resilience and implications of adiabatic CMB cooling
• Compartmentalization in the Dark Sector of the Universe after DESI DR2 BAO data
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• Consistent cosmological structure formation on all scales in relativistic extensions of MOND
• Teleparallel dark energy in a nonflat universe
• Viability of general relativity and modified gravity cosmologies using high-redshift cosmic probes
• Addressing H₀ and S₈ tensions within f(Q) cosmology
• Testing scale-dependent suppression of structure growth in the linear regime
• Current constraints on the minimally extended varying speed of light model through the cosmic distance duality relation
• CANDI data and settings
• Schwinger's non-commutative coordinates and duality between helicity and Dirac quantisation conditions
• Testing Quintessence Axion Dark Energy with Recent Cosmological Results
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• Torsion at Different Scales: From Materials to the Universe
• Probing the cold nature of dark matter
• The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations
• Primordial Features in light of the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure
• A New Window on Dynamical Dark Energy: Combining DESI-DR2 BAO with future Gravitational Wave Observations

Discussions

• Challenges and curiosities in cosmological data: via @telescoper, a review article by Perivolaropoulos & Skara on various ways current data don't *quite* fit the standard cosmological model. https [bsky, 0 points, 1 comments]

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