NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: FINAL MAPS AND RESULTS

2012/12/31 by C. L. Bennett, D. Larson, J. L. Weiland +18 · 2,405 citations
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Age of the universe #CMB cold spot #Computational Physics and Python Applications #Cosmic background radiation #Cosmic microwave background #Cosmological constant #Cosmology #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Hubble's law #Lambda-CDM model #Neutrino Physics Research #Universe #astro-ph.CO

paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20

published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 208(2), 20 (Institute of Physics) · 177 pages, 44 figures, v3: Version accepted to Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Includes improvements in clarity of presentation and Fig 43 revised to include WMAP-only solutions, in response to referee and community. See the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA): http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/map/current/ for further detail

arxiv created 2013/06/04 · openalex publication_date 2013/09/20 · arxiv updated 2015/06/12 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

We present the final nine-year maps and basic results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) mission. The full nine-year analysis of the time-ordered data provides updated characterizations and calibrations of the experiment. We also provide new nine-year full sky temperature maps that were processed to reduce the asymmetry of the effective beams. Temperature and polarization sky maps are examined to separate cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy from foreground emission, and both types of signals are analyzed in detail. We provide new point source catalogs as well as new diffuse and point source foreground masks. An updated template-removal process is used for cosmological analysis; new foreground fits are performed, and new foreground-reduced CMB maps are presented. We now implement an optimal C −1 weighting to compute the temperature angular power spectrum. The WMAP mission has resulted in a highly constrained ΛCDM cosmological model with precise and accurate parameters in agreement with a host of other cosmological measurements. When WMAP data are combined with finer scale CMB, baryon acoustic oscillation, and Hubble constant measurements, we find that big bang nucleosynthesis is well supported and there is no compelling evidence for a non-standard number of neutrino species ( N eff = 3.84 ± 0.40). The model fit also implies that the age of the universe is t 0 = 13.772 ± 0.059 Gyr, and the fit Hubble constant is H 0 = 69.32 ± 0.80 km s −1 Mpc −1 . Inflation is also supported: the fluctuations are adiabatic, with Gaussian random phases; the detection of a deviation of the scalar spectral index from unity, reported earlier by the WMAP team, now has high statistical significance ( n s = 0.9608 ± 0.0080); and the universe is close to flat/Euclidean ( ). Overall, the WMAP mission has resulted in a reduction of the cosmological parameter volume by a factor of 68,000 for the standard six-parameter ΛCDM model, based on CMB data alone. For a model including tensors, the allowed seven-parameter volume has been reduced by a factor 117,000. Other cosmological observations are in accord with the CMB predictions, and the combined data reduces the cosmological parameter volume even further. With no significant anomalies and an adequate goodness of fit, the inflationary flat ΛCDM model and its precise and accurate parameters rooted in WMAP data stands as the standard model of cosmology.

Citations

• Three‐YearWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe(WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis
• Cosmological Parameters from Cosmic Background Imager Observations and Comparisons with BOOMERANG, DASI, and MAXIMA
• NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS
• SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: SKY MAPS, SYSTEMATIC ERRORS, AND BASIC RESULTS

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