MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11

2021/04/22 by Koichiro Tamura, Glen Stecher, Sudhir Kumar · 431 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #Genetic diversity and population structure #Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies

paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/molbev/msab120

openalex publication_date 2021/04/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30

Abstract

Abstract The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. Methods for estimating divergence times and confidence intervals are implemented to use probability densities for calibration constraints for node-dating and sequence sampling dates for tip-dating analyses. They are supported by new options for tagging sequences with spatiotemporal sampling information, an expanded interactive Node Calibrations Editor, and an extended Tree Explorer to display timetrees. Also added is a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments and a machine learning method to test for the autocorrelation of evolutionary rates in phylogenies. The computer memory requirements for the maximum likelihood analysis are reduced significantly through reprogramming, and the graphical user interface has been made more responsive and interactive for very big data sets. These enhancements will improve the user experience, quality of results, and the pace of biological discovery. Natively compiled graphical user interface and command-line versions of MEGA11 are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS from www.megasoftware.net.

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• Expanding <i>Lycogala</i> : twenty-four new species, their morphology and phylogenetic relationships
• Comparing Morphometric and Mitochondrial DNA Data from Honeybees and Honey Samples for Identifying Apis mellifera ligustica Subspecies at the Colony Level
• Investigation of post-vaccinal canine distemper involving the Rockborn-like strain in nine puppies in New Zealand
• Is the Zika virus re-emerging as a distinct genetic lineage in India?
• An updated list of the genus Hypena Schrank (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) from Korea with five additional records to the fauna
• Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of <i>CRK</i> gene family in chili pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) in response to <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> infection
• The role of Penicillium expansum histone deacetylases HosA and HosB in growth, development, and patulin production
• Comparative genomics of native plasmids from plant pathogenic <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>
• Re-description, systematics and complete mitochondrial genome of Philhelius coreanus (Shiraki, 1930) (Diptera, Syrphidae) in the Republic of Korea
• Diving into Diversity: Haslea berepwari (Bacillariophyceae, Naviculaceae), a new species of marine diatom from New Caledonia
• <scp>UGT73FB1</scp> contributes to scaffold‐selective biosynthesis of triterpenoid glucosyl esters in saponin‐rich bark of arjuna tree
• New fungal genus, three novel species and one new record from mangroves, with reclassification of Melanconiella (Melanconiellaceae) species
• Molecular survey of canine parvovirus type 2: the emergence of subtype 2c in New Zealand
• Phylogenomics and biogeography of <i>Guadua</i>: Insights into a neotropical woody bamboo genus
• Three new Pseudogymnoascus species (Pseudeurotiaceae, Thelebolales) described from Antarctic soils
• Phylogenetic Signal in Primate Tooth Enamel Proteins and its Relevance for Paleoproteomics
• Diagnosis of Primary Trimethylaminuria in an Affected Patient With a Rare Genotype in Sub‐Saharan Africa
• Accurate genomic prediction for grain yield and grain moisture content of maize hybrids using multi‐environment data
• Rorippa daguanensis (Brassicaceae), a new species from eastern China
• Genomic analysis reveals low genetic diversity and no continuous reintroduction of piscine myocarditis virus in farmed Atlantic salmon in the Faroe Islands
• Haplotype‐resolved genome and population genomics provide insights into dioscin biosynthesis and evolutionary history of the medicinal species <i>Dioscorea nipponica</i>
• Spatial Colinear but Broken Temporal Expression of Duplicated ParaHox Genes in Asexually Reproducing Annelids, Nais communis and Pristina longiseta
• Three novel species and a new record of Pleosporales (Didymellaceae, Roussoellaceae) from China
• The world’s most venomous spider is a species complex: systematics of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atracidae: Atrax robustus)
• Primulina xingyiensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species in the karst landforms of Guizhou Province, China
• Integrative taxonomy of new neritimorph limpets from Indian Ocean deep-sea hot vents shed light on their biogeographic history
• When paleontology meets genomics: complete mitochondrial genomes of two saber-toothed cats’ species (Felidae: Machairodontinae)
• Intraspecific variation in <i>Gyrodactylus mediotorus</i> and <i>G. crysoleucas</i> (Gyrodactylidae) from Nearctic shiners (Leuciscidae): evidence for ongoing speciation, host-switching, and parasite translocation
• GTSF1 is required for transposon silencing in the unicellular eukaryote <i>Paramecium tetraurelia</i>
• Comparative genomic and functional annotation of Pseudomonas spp. genomes responsible for blue discoloration of Brazilian fresh soft cheese
• Genomic differentiation and gene flow among <i>Rattus</i> species distributed in China and adjacent regions
• The immediate metabolomic effects of whole‐genome duplication in the greater duckweed, <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i>
• Description of a new karst-adapted species of the subgenus Japonigekko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from Guangxi, southern China
• Low Mutation Load in a Supergene Underpinning Alternative Male Mating Strategies in Ruff (<i>Calidris pugnax</i>)
• Revisiting Algorithms, Tools, and Applications for Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses in the NGS-Based Omics Era
• A new species of Gracixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Damingshan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China
• The RING-Type Ubiquitin Ligase XBAT35.2 Positively Modulates Plant Immunity by Promoting FLS2 Protein Accumulation
• A DNA barcode reference library of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of Catalonia, northeastern Iberian Peninsula
• Thermus javaensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from litter of a geyser in Cisolok, West Java, Indonesia
• Morphological and molecular characterizations of Myxobolus curriculus sp. nov. (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae) infecting the intestine of Barbel chub Squaliobarbus curriculus in China
• Recurrent Hermaphroditism and Sex-Biased ABCDE Gene Expression Reveal Latent Floral Plasticity in the Pedunculate Oak Lineage ( <i>Q. robur</i> s.l.)
• AI‐Assisted Morphometric Analysis and Molecular Phylogeny for a Dactylogyrid (Monopisthocotyla) Skin Parasite of an Ornamental Crenuchid Fish From Brazil
• Transposable Element-Mediated Cis-Regulation Drives the Evolution of <i>dmrt1</i> as a Candidate Master Sex-Determining Gene in Black Carp
• MEGA12: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 12 for Adaptive and Green Computing
• Biosynthetic Origin of the Methoxy Group in Quinine and Related Alkaloids
• A <i>Ceratobasidium</i> Species Associated with Vascular Streak Dieback of Woody Ornamental Plants in Virginia, U.S.A.
• Development of Molecular Markers for the Detection of <i>Ceratobasidium</i> sp. D.P. Rogers Associated With Vascular Streak Dieback of Woody Ornamentals in the United States
• New species of Metagonia Simon with directionally asymmetric male and female genitalia (Araneae, Pholcidae)
• Admixture and Genetic Connectivity: Autosomal Insights Into Indo‐Aryan Speakers at the Eastern Edge of the Indian Subcontinent
• Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus
• The deubiquitinase UBP15 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB17 coordinate GLK1 stability in apple anthocyanin deposition
• Comparative Genomics Provide Insight Into the Evolution of European <i>Aphanomyces euteiches</i> Strains
• Lifespan Predicts Mitochondrial Substitution Rates across Vertebrates, but Methodology Matters
• PC-5p-1042181₅ Negatively Regulates Resistance to Tea Plant Diseases Caused by <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> Through Targeting <i>CsETR2</i> and Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species
• Antibiotic resistance mediated by site‐specific mutations in the multidrug efflux transporter CmeB of zoonotic pathogen <i>Campylobacter</i>
• Diversity of Soilborne Oomycetes Associated with Industrial Hemp in Southeastern Pennsylvania: A Comparison of Metabarcoding Loci for Taxonomic Profiling
• Receptor-like-kinase-interacting protein TOW stabilizes PIN transporters for auxin canalization
• Four new freshwater crab species of the genus Megapleonum Huang, Shih &amp;amp; Ahyong, 2018 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Potamidae) from Guangdong, China
• Pathogenicity of <i>Phytophthora palmivora</i> to <i>Edgeworthia chrysantha</i> : Importance of a Conducive Environment for Disease Development
• Anemochory and population structure of the aquatic microinvertebrate Euchlanis chihuahuaensis in the Chihuahuan Desert
• Genetic diversity of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea from its native range in the mainland Southeast Asia
• Three Distinct Species Cause Bacterial Leaf Spots in ‘Ubá’ Mango in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil
• <i>Bacillus proteolyticus</i> Enhances the Biocontrol of Needle Cast in <i>Cathaya argyrophylla</i> by Modulating Physiological Pathways and the Phyllosphere Microbiome
• Ultraconserved elements, DNA barcoding and morphology unravel the diversity and evolution of the <i>Hypoponera pruinosa</i> group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Indochina and the Indo-Australian region
• Surrounded: Inoculum Sources of <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> Complex Pathogens Around Florida Ericales Crops: Tea, Camellia, and Blueberry
• A key regulator of missing-self innate immunity is polymorphic and under diversifying selection
• The PIN domain of SMG-5 functionally interacts with SMG-6 to stimulate NMD
• Evidence of Phylosymbiosis in the Microbiome of Conifer Roots
• GhMYB44 orchestrates a multi‐tiered cascade to regulate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in cotton fibers
• Noncanonical genetic markers resolve the pre-GOE emergence of aerobic bacteria in Earth’s history
• Expanded description and distribution of Opisthotropis tamdaoensis Ziegler, David &amp;amp; Vu, 2008 (Squamata, Natricidae), first record from Yunnan Province of China
• Oxford nanopore sequencing as a useful tool for investigating the population dynamics of invasive begomoviruses in Sicily
• Himalayan origin and global dispersal route of the peppered moth <i>Biston betularia</i> (Geometridae, Ennominae)
• Integrative taxonomy suggests hidden diversity within the fish genus <i>Cyttopsis</i> (Zeiformes, Parazenidae)
• Positive response to inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as modulated by barley genotype
• The hidden diversity in Thrichomys Trouessart, 1880 (Rodentia: Echimyidae): identity of T. pachyurus (Wagner 1845), and the description of a new species from Central Brazil
• Divergent landscapes and evolutionary trajectories of 5S rDNA and Cassandra retroelement in Saccharinae
• <scp> <i>Rogadius azizahae</i> </scp> , a new flathead (Perciformes: Platycephalidae) from the South China Sea
• Yellow Dwarf Viruses: Aphid Transmission Efficiency and Cereal Host Range
• Species boundaries in the subgenus Angelomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Abrothrix): A complex case obscured by mitochondrial-species tree discordance
• Squat lobsters of the family Munidopsidae Ortmann, 1898 (Decapoda, Galatheoidea) from the seamounts of the Southeast Pacific Ocean ridges
• Stranger in a strange land: An aquatic microsporidium Globulispora mitoportans in a terrestrial host, Amata phegea
• Cleptoparasitic bees (Apoidea, Anthophila) in rural protected areas in Latium (Italy): a faunistic survey through an integrative taxonomic approach
• A new species of the Giant Salamander genus Andrias (Amphibia, Urodela, Cryptobranchidae) from Yuexi, Anhui, China
• Two new species of the Dichomeris juniperella (Linnaeus, 1761) complex from the Carpathians and the Alps (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)
• Evaluating putative <scp>lncRNA</scp> ‐mediated <scp>ceRNA</scp> regulatory network involving <scp>miR396</scp> and <scp>miR319</scp> in maize leaf growth under <scp> <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> </scp> infection
• Xylan reducing end sequence-containing oligosaccharides function as priming acceptors for Arabidopsis and <i>Setaria viridis</i> IRX10
• Next-generation sequencing of the Malabar blood snapper holotype (Lutjanus malabaricus, Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
• Two new species of the genus Scincella Mittleman, 1950 (Squamata, Scincidae) from southwestern China
• Potent efficacy of an IgG-specific endoglycosidase against IgG-mediated pathologies
• The crystal structure of EpHTT, a hydroxycinnamoyl transferase from <i>Echinacea purpurea</i>
• Zygosity-based sex determination in a butterfly drives hypervariability of <i>Masculinizer</i>
• Characterisation of a Novel Jumbo Lytic <i>Aeromonas dhakensis</i> Bacteriophage <scp>P19</scp> and Its Endolysin
• Transcriptome characterization and population genetics of Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) A.Rich (Orchidaceae): implication for its conservation in Vietnam
• Two new species of Penicillium (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) and the first record of P. danzhouense from mangrove sediment in Thailand, with notes on antibacterial activity
• A new species of Clematis sect. Tubulosae (Ranunculaceae) from Zhejiang, East China
• First comprehensive approach to the systematics of <i>Myotis barquezi</i> using morphology, molecules, and acoustics
• Gene Flow Between Populations With Highly Divergent Mitogenomes in the Australian Stingless Bee, <i>Tetragonula hockingsi</i>
• Slippery slopes: Montane isolation and elevational shifts shape the evolution and diversity of Iberolacerta lizards
• A new species of Plagiopholis Boulenger, 1893 (Serpentes, Pseudoxenodontidae) from Guangdong, China
• Study of bat diversity (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province, north-western Vietnam, based on integrative insights from morphology, genetics and echolocation data
• A newly-recorded species, Roeslerstammia erxlebella (Fabricius, 1787) (Lepidoptera, Roeslerstammiidae) from Korea, with a key to species of the genus and DNA barcoding analysis
• Mallotus thinii (Euphorbiaceae), a new species discovered from the coastal areas of the south-central provinces of Vietnam
• Genetic Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in <i>Cornus</i> Species: The Roles of R2R3‐MYB Transcription Factors
• Biochemical characterization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of cyanobacterial α-glucan phosphorylases
• Molecular screening for blood pathogens in synanthropic Pipistrellus bats in Spain reveals novel and human-related hemoplasmas
• Integrative Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses Reveal Two New Species of Porcellanid Crabs and Resurrect <i>Porcellanella picta</i> Stimpson, 1858 (Decapoda: Porcellanidae)
• Two new species of the millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 from Wuling Mountains, Hunan Province, China (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae)
• A new moderate-toothed croaker, Johnius medidentatus sp. nov. (Acanthuriformes, Sciaenidae) from the Indian Ocean
• One is a worldwide invader, the other never established in other continents: contrasted phylogeographic patterns of two congeneric Hylurgus conifer bark beetles
• TBM preferred to AlphaFold 3 for functional models of insect odorant receptors
• Earthworm diversity in an unexplored Himalayan landscape: Patterns across forest, orchard and crop field ecosystems
• The Expanded <scp>LYR</scp> Motif‐Containing Protein Family in Archaeplastida
• Thelaziosis in central Italy: Molecular detection of a variant haplotype in a human case and epidemiological aspects
• Systematics of Stenocercus chrysopygus Boulenger, 1900 (Squamata, Tropiduridae) species complex using genetic and morphological evidence
• MORF proteins: A small family regulating organellar RNA editing and beyond
• Genomic prediction and association analyses for breeding parthenocarpic blueberries
• Southernmost record of Saurida fortis (Actinopterygii, Aulopiformes, Synodontidae) from Malaysia
• Cardimyxobolus iriomotensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Ortholineidae) parasitic in gill filaments of Rhinogobius species (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) in Japan
• A new freshwater shrimp species of the genus Caridina (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae) from Quang Ninh province, Northeast Vietnam
• DNA barcoding of the endemic Polish populations of the genus Reisseronia Sieder, 1956 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
• Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two novel species of Curvularia (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) from southern China
• First record of the genus Morophaga Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, with a new species
• Mind the gap: DNA barcoding on Pachygrapsus crabs
• The Evolutionary Journey of Sterol Synthesis Pathways in Eukaryotes
• Cucurbitacin Profile and Metalloid Stress Response in <scp><i>Cucurbita pepo</i></scp> L. Upon Arsenic Exposure
• Characterization of the mitochondrial genomes for Ophiostoma ips and related taxa from various geographic origins and related species: large intron-rich genomes and complex intron arrangements
• Mesenchymal stem cells reduce the genotoxic effect of lead acetate in the testis of male rats and induce testicular cellular proliferation indicated by 16S rRNA sequence, increase the proliferation marker Ki-67 and a reduction in the apoptosis marker caspase-3
• Across trench and ridge: description of five new species of the Haploniscus belyaevi Birstein, 1963 species complex (Isopoda, Haploniscidae) from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench region
• Genetic Structure in a Trans‐Oceanic Hot Vent Mussel Reveals Four Metapopulations With Implications for Conservation
• Systematics and historical biogeography of <i>Crunomys</i> and <i>Maxomys</i> (Muridae: Murinae), with the description of a new species from Sulawesi and new genus-level classification
• Revisiting and rediscovering the tarantulas (Araneae, Theraphosidae) of Culapnitan (Libmanan) Caves in the Philippines: troglomorphism, taxonomy, phylogeny and ecological niche
• Novel endornaviruses infecting Phytophthora cactorum that attenuate vegetative growth, promote sporangia formation and confer hypervirulence to the host oomycete
• Defining the cultured and uncultured bacterial fractions in Cannabis seeds
• Ectodysplasin overexpression reveals spatiotemporally dynamic tooth formation competency in stickleback and zebrafish
• Revision of the cockroach subfamily Blattinae based on morphological and molecular analyses
• Structure and Evolution of the <i>uqcrfs1</i> Gene in Western Palearctic Water Frogs (Genus <i>Pelophylax</i> ) and Implications for Systematics of Eastern Mediterranean Species
• Functional characterization of the &lt;i&gt;mys&lt;/i&gt; genes for porphyra-334 biosynthesis from the terrestrial cyanobacterium &lt;i&gt;Nostoc commune&lt;/i&gt; by heterologous expression
• Environmental DNA detection of the male mitochondrial genome of freshwater mussels (Unionidae)
• Exploring the microbial communities in coastal cenote and their hidden biotechnological potential
• Lonicera lanzhouensis (Caprifoliaceae), a new species from Gansu, Northwest China
• Structures of α-galactosaminidases from the CAZy GH114 family and homologs defining a new GH191 family of glycosidases
• Distribution of aminopeptidase N coronavirus receptors in the respiratory and digestive tracts of domestic and wild artiodactyls and carnivores
• Two new species of Penicillium (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from China based on morphological and molecular analyses
• Histone Methyltransferases AcDot1 and AcRmtA Are Involved in Growth Regulation, Secondary Metabolism, and Stress Response in Aspergillus carbonarius
• Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering
• Genetic and structural insights into the functional importance of the conserved gly-met-rich C-terminal tails in bacterial chaperonins
• Optimisation of an Environmental DNA‐Based Approach for Assessing Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Southernmost South America
• The first de novo genome assembly and annotation of a green-blooded skink (<i>Prasinohaema aff. flavipes</i>) from a historic museum sample
• Role of public DNA-Seq data in mitogenomics research: A case study on the flying fish family (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae)
• IMA GENOME - F20 A draft genome assembly of Agroathelia rolfsii, Ceratobasidium papillatum, Pyrenopeziza brassicae, Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae, Sphaerellopsis filum and genomic resources for Colletotrichum spaethianum and Colletotrichum fructicola
• Diverse geotropic responses in the orchid family
• Unsuspected diversity and multiple origins of the frog legs imported to Switzerland for human consumption, as determined by DNA barcoding and morphology
• Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Dynamics of Papaya Ringspot Virus and Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus Infecting Feral Papaya in Hainan Island
• Accelerated mitochondrial evolution and asymmetric fitness of hybrids contribute to the persistence of <i>Helix thessalica</i> in the <i>Helix pomatia</i> range
• Incidence and Outcome of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in People With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in the Era of Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy
• Characterization of gut symbionts from wild-caught Drosophila and other Diptera: description of Utexia brackfieldae gen. nov., sp. nov., Orbus sturtevantii sp. nov., Orbus wheelerorum sp. nov, and Orbus mooreae sp. nov.
• First isolation of the Sindbis virus in mosquitoes from southwestern Spain reveals a new recent introduction from Africa
• The homomorphic self-incompatibility system in Oleaceae is controlled by a hemizygous genomic region expressing a gibberellin pathway gene
• Mate preference in sympatric and allopatric darters (genus Etheostoma): comparative evidence for a sex effect in reinforcement
• Identification, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> Species Causing Avocado Stem-End Rot in Peru
• <i>Dodgeum nauticum</i> (Dinophyceae) gen. <i>et</i> sp. nov.: morphology and molecular phylogeny of a group with a basal position among dinoflagellates
• Short-range diversity and invasion dynamics of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii in Lake Kinneret, Israel, and its watershed: field sampling combined with hydrodynamical simulations
• Effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza on the behaviour and survival of a colonial breeding seabird
• <i>Pythium deliense</i> Causing Cottony Leak on Pickling Cucumber Fruit in South Carolina, U.S.A.
• Unexpected diversity of <i>Isidoides</i> (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Isidoidae) revealed by morphology and phylogenomic analysis with descriptions of three new species
• Integrative taxonomic revision of Uropsilus (Uropsilinae, Talpidae) combining genomic, morphological and geographic evidence
• Dokdonella aquatica sp. nov., isolated from freshwater
• Contributions to the phylogeny and phylogeography of Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), inferred with Cytochrome-b
• A new species of Hemicorallium (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Coralliidae), along with a revised identification key to species of the genus
• Galbibacter kalidii sp. nov., a flexirubin-type pigment-producing bacterium, isolated from saline soil in Xinjiang
• Genetic Structure and Dispersal Pathways of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> in the Ili Region of Xinjiang, China
• Characterization of <i>Botrytis caroliniana</i> and <i>B. euroamericana</i> Associated with Blueberry ( <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> ) Blossom Blight in Michigan
• Hemiboea siccinvolucris (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northeastern Guangxi, China
• Molecular Characterization of H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Vaccinated Layer Chickens
• Matrix plasticity and the molecular basis of extracellular filament assembly in <i>Bacillus cereus</i>
• Molecular survey of Borrelia spp. in bats and soft tick infesting bats in Thailand
• Phylogeny, species delimitation, and biogeography of the arboreal land snail genus Amphidromus on Java Island, Sundaland
• Integrative taxonomy of the <i>Praomys tullbergi</i> complex (Rodentia, Muridae): a new species from West Africa
• qPCR validation and field application of a rapid RPA-LFD assay for monitoring the invasive alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula)
• Global transcription factors analyses reveal hierarchy and synergism of regulatory networks and master virulence regulators in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Introns as Protective Buffers Against Transposable Elements Invasion During Genome Gigantism in a Newt
• Revisiting the Identification of <i>Xanthomonas arboricola</i> Strains Isolated from Cherry in Montenegro Through Genome Analysis and Pathogenicity Testing
• Leafhopper Taxa and Populations in Southern Idaho
• On the brink of emergence: an evolutionary approach to Influenza A virus H5N1 isolated from humans
• ITS2 and 18S rRNA gene sequence-structure phylogeny of the Haptophyta (Haptista)
• Archaic Adaptive Introgression in Modern Human Reproductive Genes
• &lt;i&gt;Russula nuda&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of &lt;i&gt;Russula&lt;/i&gt; subsect. &lt;i&gt;Xerampelinae&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Russulaceae&lt;/i&gt;) from Japan
• Evolutionary Diversification and Functions of the Candidate Male Killing Gene <i>wmk</i>
• A light-modulated clock mechanism in a hydrozoan jellyfish that synchronises evening gamete release
• Loss and Gain of Aqp10 Paralogs With Broad Solute Selectivity in Anguillid Eels
• Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Killer Whales Reveals the Presence of Resident and Transient Ecotypes Around Hokkaido
• Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Phylogeographic Patterns Among South African Cape Fur Seals, <scp><i>Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus</i></scp>
• Evolutionary history of soil-feeding Neotropical termites reveals recent divergences linked to geologic-climatic influences
• Cross-kingdom RNA interference promotes arbuscular mycorrhiza development
• Whole genome sequencing and assembly of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus
• Eastern North Atlantic Strandings Validate Genetic Patterns in Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Kogiidae)
• Species diversity and systematic taxonomy of Sarcosomataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales), with an emphasis on subtropical regions of China
• Diversity and abundance of <i>Culicoides</i> on goat and cattle farms in the southern part of the Republic of Korea
• Evaluating the Ability of Californian Grapevine-Isolated <i>Trichoderma saturnisporopsis</i> Strain RSI and <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> Strain TLI to Reduce Fungal Trunk Diseases
• <i>Botrytis michiganensis</i> : A New <i>Botrytis</i> Species Causing Blossom Blight on Highbush Blueberries
• VdATG24 Is Essential for Fungal Growth, Microsclerotia Formation, and Virulence in <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>
• Identification and Pathogenicity of <i>Fusarium</i> Species Associated with Fusarium Wilt of Flue-Cured Tobacco
• The French connection: DNA barcodes reveal the geographic origin of introduced populations of <i>Mantis religiosa</i> (Mantodea: Mantidae) in southern Quebec and Ontario, Canada
• A new cave species of the genus Triplophysa (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guizhou, China
• First Report, Detection, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bell Pepper Endornavirus (BPEV) Isolates Infecting Pepper in Oklahoma
• Common tissue-specific expressions and regulatory factors of c-KIT isoforms with and without GNNK and GNSK sequences across five mammals
• Mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic mole beetle, <i>Hypocephalus armatus</i> Desmarest, 1832 (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)
• Nosocomial Mycobacterium lentiflavum colonization and infection cluster at a Japanese tertiary care center: report of an outbreak/pseudo-outbreak investigation
• A multilocus phylogeny of <i>Hericium</i> ( <i>Hericiaceae, Russulales</i> )
• Inference of maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees with model-based classical and quantum methods
• Comparative Genomics of Carbohydrate Utilization in Bacteria of the Family Sphaerochaetaceae: Evolutionary Origin of the Genes Encoding Galacturonidase and Unsaturated Rhamnogalacturonyl Hydrolase

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