A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence
2019/07/17 by Michael Haenlein, Andreas Kaplan · 2,494 citations
Business, Management and Accounting · Computer Science · Engineering · Psychology · #Adaptation (eye) #Applications of artificial intelligence #Artificial intelligence #Big Data and Business Intelligence #Computational Physics and Python Applications #Computer science #Engineering #Macro #Management science #Psychology #Variety (cybernetics)
paper · doi:10.1177/0008125619864925
published in California Management Review 61(4), 5-14 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2019/07/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Abstract
This introduction to this special issue discusses artificial intelligence (AI), commonly defined as “a system’s ability to interpret external data correctly, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation.” It summarizes seven articles published in this special issue that present a wide variety of perspectives on AI, authored by several of the world’s leading experts and specialists in AI. It concludes by offering a comprehensive outlook on the future of AI, drawing on micro-, meso-, and macro-perspectives.
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- Getting AI Implementation Right: I nsights from a G lobal S urvey
- Rulers of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence
- Rethinking How We Theorize AI in Organization and Management: A Problematizing Review of Rationality and Anthropomorphism
- An Eye for Artificial Intelligence: Insights Into the Governance of Artificial Intelligence and Vision for Future Research
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Coaching: Redefining People Development and Organizational Performance
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Ideation Process
- Toward the human – Centered approach. A revised model of individual acceptance of AI
- Unlocking the value of artificial intelligence in human resource management through AI capability framework
- Developing industrial AI capabilities: An organisational learning perspective
- Artificial intelligence in innovation research: A systematic review, conceptual framework, and future research directions
- Integrating artificial intelligence and human resource management: a review and future research agenda
- Impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa en la eficiencia, calidad e innovación en la producción de Recursos Educativos Abiertos para MOOCS
- Digital authenticity: Towards a research agenda for the AI-driven fifth phase of digitalization in business-to-business marketing
- Digital inclusion and Urban AI: strategic roadmapping and policy challenges
- Artificial intelligence in mental health care: a systematic review of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention applications
- El uso de la IA en la industria publicitaria en España:
- AI and robotics as drivers of China’s urban innovation
- The philosophical foundations of digital twinning
- Data visualization in AI-assisted decision-making: a systematic review
- Who’s driving the AI hype in its formative phase? A longitudinal analysis of stakeholders in the US and German AI discourse on Twitter 2012–2021
- A Nascent Taxonomy of Machine Learning in Intelligent Robotic Process Automation
- Effectiveness and reliability of AI in diagnosis and robot-assisted spinal and cranial surgery: efficient outcomes and ethical worries
- Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship: Implications for Venture Creation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
- Artificial intelligence in innovation management: A review of innovation capabilities and a taxonomy of AI applications
- Influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on firm performance: the business value of AI-based transformation projects
- Decoding Polyphenol-Protein Interactions with Deep Learning: From Molecular Mechanisms to Food Applications
- HOW DOES AI CAPABILITY ENABLE DIGITAL PRODUCT INNOVATION? A MIXED METHODS DESIGN
- The mediating role of knowledge management processes in the effective use of artificial intelligence in manufacturing firms
- Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Sustainable Entrepreneurship
- Best friend or broken tool? Exploring the co‐existence of humans and artificial intelligence in the workplace ecosystem
- Estimating the innovation benefits of first-mover and second-mover strategies when micro-businesses adopt artificial intelligence and machine learning
- A Brief History of AI: How to Prevent Another Winter (A Critical Review)
- How is AI Helping Humans Understand the Vocal Communication of Other Species: Recent Advancements in the Use of AI for Acoustic Monitoring of Wildlife
- Mapping global research on artificial intelligence in physical therapy: a bibliometric analysis from 1990 to 2023
- Role of institutional pressures and resources in the adoption of big data analytics powered artificial intelligence, sustainable manufacturing practices and circular economy capabilities
- Artificial intelligence and radical innovation: an opportunity for all companies?
- Artificial intelligence applications in supply chain management
- Deciphering the AI Economy: A Mathematical Model Perspective
- At the crossroads of logics: Automating newswork with artificial intelligence—(Re)defining journalistic logics from the perspective of technologists
- ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing
- Accounting for diversity in AI for medicine
- Application of AI and robotics in hospitality sector: A resource gain and resource loss perspective
- Artificial intelligence (AI) in social work education and research: reflections from emerging African social work researchers
- Machines augmenting entrepreneurs: Opportunities (and threats) at the Nexus of artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship
- More Connected, Less Connection: Belonging, Leisure, and Artificial Intelligence
- Security Threat Modeling for Emerging AI-Agent Protocols: A Comparative Analysis of MCP, A2A, Agora, and ANP
- Generative AI Literacy: A Comprehensive Framework for Literacy and Responsible Use
- Artificial intelligence-driven decision making and firm performance: a quantitative approach
- How Large Language Models Are Changing MOOC Essay Answers: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-LLM Responses
- A Systematic Review of AI Ethics in Education
- History of computer science [wikipedia]
- Integrating Digital Technologies and Public Health to Fight Covid-19 Pandemic: Key Technologies, Applications, Challenges and Outlook of Digital Healthcare. [europepmc]
- Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning for clinical outcome prediction. [europepmc]
- Comparing artificial intelligence and human coaching goal attainment efficacy. [europepmc]
- Nurse leaders' and digital service developers' perceptions of the future role of artificial intelligence in specialized medical care: An interview study. [europepmc]
- Machine learning-driven new material discovery. [europepmc]
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Obesity Research: Scoping Review of Methodologies. [europepmc]
- A Survey on Wearable Sensors for Mental Health Monitoring. [europepmc]
- Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Detection-A Bibliometric Analysis and Avenues for Future Research. [europepmc]
- Artificial Intelligence Teaching as Part of Medical Education: Qualitative Analysis of Expert Interviews. [europepmc]
- Artificial Intelligence in Food Safety: A Decade Review and Bibliometric Analysis. [europepmc]
- Advances in Integration, Wearable Applications, and Artificial Intelligence of Biomedical Microfluidics Systems. [europepmc]
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Dentistry. [europepmc]
- Current Status and Analysis of Machine Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. [europepmc]
- Artificial intelligence in forensic medicine and forensic dentistry. [europepmc]
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Cross-Sectional Study Among Medical Students on Application, Education, and Ethical Aspects. [europepmc]
- Transformative Potential of AI in Healthcare: Definitions, Applications, and Navigating the Ethical Landscape and Public Perspectives. [europepmc]
- AI in Orthodontics: Revolutionizing Diagnostics and Treatment Planning-A Comprehensive Review. [europepmc]
- Proposing a Principle-Based Approach for Teaching AI Ethics in Medical Education. [europepmc]
- Does AI-Driven Technostress Promote or Hinder Employees' Artificial Intelligence Adoption Intention? A Moderated Mediation Model of Affective Reactions and Technical Self-Efficacy. [europepmc]
- AI energized hydrogel design, optimization and application in biomedicine. [europepmc]
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition Research: A Scoping Review. [europepmc]
- The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: From Computer Science to Machine and Deep Learning. [europepmc]
- Artificial intelligence in mental health care: a systematic review of diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention applications. [europepmc]
- AI Efficiency in Dentistry: Comparing Artificial Intelligence Systems with Human Practitioners in Assessing Several Periodontal Parameters. [europepmc]
- Artificial intelligence in nursing practice: a qualitative study of nurses' perspectives on opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications. [europepmc]
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