The Chemical Composition of the Sun

2009/08/20 by Martin Asplund, M. Asplund, Nicolas Grevesse +4 · 9,448 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Abundance (ecology) #Astro and Planetary Science #Astrobiology #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Atmosphere (unit) #Atomic physics #Chemical composition #Helioseismology #Meteorite #Meteorology #Neon #Physics #Solar System #Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics #Solar neutrino #Solar physics #Standard solar model #Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies #Thermodynamics #astro-ph.EP #astro-ph.SR

paper · pdf · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222

published in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 47(1), 481-522 (Annual Reviews) · Due to ARAA rules, the actual published version is not allowed to be placed on arxiv.org. We recommend the interested reader to download the article from ARAA at http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 rather than using the arxiv.org version

openalex publication_date 2009/08/20 · arxiv created 2009/09/04 · arxiv updated 2014/11/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06

Abstract

The solar chemical composition is an important ingredient in our understanding of the formation, structure, and evolution of both the Sun and our Solar System. Furthermore, it is an essential reference standard against which the elemental contents of other astronomical objects are compared. In this review, we evaluate the current understanding of the solar photospheric composition. In particular, we present a redetermination of the abundances of nearly all available elements, using a realistic new three-dimensional (3D), time-dependent hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere. We have carefully considered the atomic input data and selection of spectral lines, and accounted for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) whenever possible. The end result is a comprehensive and homogeneous compilation of the solar elemental abundances. Particularly noteworthy findings are significantly lower abundances of C, N, O, and Ne compared to the widely used values of a decade ago. The new solar chemical composition is supported by a high degree of internal consistency between available abundance indicators, and by agreement with values obtained in the Solar Neighborhood and from the most pristine meteorites. There is, however, a stark conflict with standard models of the solar interior according to helioseismology, a discrepancy that has yet to find a satisfactory resolution.

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• Interferometry of chemically peculiar stars: theoretical predictions vs. modern observing facilities
• 2MASS J18082002-5104378: The brightest (V=11.9) ultra metal-poor star
• An Ultra Metal-poor Star Near the Hydrogen-burning Limit
• Revisiting the iron abundance in the hyper iron-poor star HE~1327-2326 with UV COS/HST data
• Exploring the stellar properties of M dwarfs with high-resolution spectroscopy from the optical to the near-infrared
• Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years after the Big Bang
• Stellar parameters for TRAPPIST-1
• The Baryon Census in a Multiphase Intergalactic Medium: 30% of the Baryons May Still Be Missing
• The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets
• The Physics of Solar Energetic Particles
• Comparative modelling of the spectra of cool giants
• Solar Fe abundance and magnetic fields
• Physical properties and transmission spectrum of the WASP-74 planetary system from multiband photometry
• Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the L_X-T scaling relation
• The elemental composition of the Sun
• The elemental composition of the Sun
• The elemental composition of the Sun
• Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement
• THE DEUTERIUM-BURNING MASS LIMIT FOR BROWN DWARFS AND GIANT PLANETS
• THREE-DIMENSIONAL RADIATION-HYDRODYNAMICS CALCULATIONS OF THE ENVELOPES OF YOUNG PLANETS EMBEDDED IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
• In Situ and Ex Situ Formation Models of Kepler 11 Planets
• Suzaku and Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster RXC J1053.7+5453 with a radio relic
• A step toward CNO solar neutrino detection in liquid scintillators
• Damped Lyman α absorbers as a probe of stellar feedback
• Suzaku observations of the outskirts of the galaxy cluster Abell 3395, including a filament toward Abell 3391
• Gas and dust in the star-forming regionρOph A
• EFFECT OF NON-LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM MODEL ATMOSPHERES ON PHOTOMETRIC AMPLITUDES AND PHASES OF EARLY B-TYPE PULSATING STARS
• Signs of sulfur fractionation under high magnetic field strength
• Iron Fluorescence in X-class Solar Flares: Aditya-L1/SoLEXS Observations
• Post-Perihelion Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS
• Extreme magnification of an individual star at redshift 1.5 by a galaxy-cluster lens
• Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment
• The breaking of cold traps and onset of titanium in ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres: WASP-189b in context
• Search for Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (II): high electron temperature objects
• ALMA and ROSINA detections of phosphorus-bearing molecules: the interstellar thread between star-forming regions and comets
• Phosphorus in the Young Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
• Fundamental properties of nearby single early B-type stars
• NEW SOLAR COMPOSITION: THE PROBLEM WITH SOLAR MODELS REVISITED
• THE AGE AND STELLAR PARAMETERS OF THE PROCYON BINARY SYSTEM
• XRISM forecast for the Coma cluster: stormy, with a steep power spectrum
• Cold gas in hot star clusters: the wind from the red supergiant W26 in Westerlund 1
• Icy Volatile Enhancements in Evolving Protoplanetary Disks
• On the Fe abundance peak formation in cool-core clusters of galaxies: hints from cluster WARPJ1415.1+3612 atz= 1.03
• Effect of rotational mixing and metallicity on the hot star wind mass-loss rates
• First detection of [N II] 205 μm absorption in interstellar gas - Herschel-HIFI observations towards W 31C, W 49N, W 51, and G34.3+0.1
• The compositions of the HR 8799 planets reflect accretion of both solids and metal-enriched gas
• Keeping it Cool: Much Orbit Migration, yet Little Heating, in the Galactic Disk
• The Sun and stars as the primary energy input in planetary atmospheres
• The Pan-Pacific Planet Search V. Fundamental Parameters for 164 Evolved Stars
• ABUNDANCES IN THE LOCAL REGION. I. G AND K GIANTS
• Testing stellar evolution models with detached eclipsing binaries
• Spectroscopic and photometric oscillatory envelope variability during the S Doradus outburst of the Luminous Blue Variable R71
• The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA
• The MOSDEF Survey: First Measurement of Nebular Oxygen Abundance at z > 4*
• Non-relativistic Free–Free Emission due to the n-distribution of Electrons—Radiative Cooling and Thermally Averaged and Total Gaunt Factors
• A Next-Generation Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrieval Framework for Transmission Spectroscopy (NEXOTRANS): Comparative Characterization for WASP-39 b Using JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec PRISM, and MIRI Observations
• X-ray analysis of the galaxy group UGC 03957 beyondR200withSuzaku
• Retrieval of the d/sdL7+T7.5p Binary SDSS J1416+1348AB
• Photoionization models for AGN, HII and Composite (AGN + HII) regions (Peluso et al. 2025)
• Linking dwarf galaxies to halo building blocks with the most metal-poor star in Sculptor
• EXPLORING MASS LOSS, LOW-ZACCRETION, AND CONVECTIVE OVERSHOOT IN SOLAR MODELS TO MITIGATE THE SOLAR ABUNDANCE PROBLEM
• SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HD 95086 b WITH THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER
• parsec: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• Improving PARSEC models for very low mass stars
• parsec evolutionary tracks of massive stars up to 350 M⊙at metallicities 0.0001 ≤Z≤ 0.04
• The treatment of mixing in core helium burning models – II. Constraints from cluster star counts
• Rapid-response mode VLT/UVES spectroscopy of super iron-rich gas exposed to GRB 080310
• Directional dark matter detection beyond the neutrino bound
• DETECTION OF THE SECOND r -PROCESS PEAK ELEMENT TELLURIUM IN METAL-POOR STARS,
• EVOLUTION OF THE MASS-METALLICITY RELATIONS IN PASSIVE AND STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM SPH-COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS
• TheHerschelVirgo Cluster Survey
• DISCOVERY OF COLD, PRISTINE GAS POSSIBLY ACCRETING ONTO AN OVERDENSITY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT REDSHIFTz∼ 1.6
• THE SOLAR FLARE CHLORINE ABUNDANCE FROM RESIK X-RAY SPECTRA
• Statistical analysis from recent abundance determinations in HgMn stars
• The population of giant clumps in simulated high-z galaxies: in situ and ex situ migration and survival
• Neutrino constraints on inelastic dark matter after CDMS II results
• A census of Hαemitters in the intergalactic medium of the NGC 2865 system
• Determining stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of FGK stars with iSpec
• R-process enrichment from a single event in an ancient dwarf galaxy
• THREE WASP-SOUTH TRANSITING EXOPLANETS: WASP-74b, WASP-83b, AND WASP-89b
• STELLAR PARAMETERS AND METALLICITIES OF STARS HOSTING JOVIAN AND NEPTUNIAN MASS PLANETS: A POSSIBLE DEPENDENCE OF PLANETARY MASS ON METALLICITY
• Ultraviolet spectra of extreme nearby star-forming regions – approaching a local reference sample for JWST
• The Stellar Population and Orbit of the Galactic Globular Cluster Palomar 3
• Carbon and oxygen abundance gradients in NGC 300 and M33 from optical recombination lines
• Computational issues in chemo-dynamical modelling of the formation and evolution of galaxies
• Macroclumping as solution of the discrepancy between Hαand P v mass loss diagnostics for O-type stars
• High-resolution spectroscopic atlas of M subdwarfs. Effective temperature and metallicity
• Quantifying the C/O Ratio in the Planet-forming Environments around Very Low Mass stars
• NEUTRON-CAPTURE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN THE FIRST STARS
• Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars: a window on AGB nucleosynthesis and binary evolution
• Three-flavour neutrino oscillation update
• QUALITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF GALAXY SPECTRA
• MODELING DUST AND STARLIGHT IN GALAXIES OBSERVED BYSPITZERANDHERSCHEL: NGC 628 AND NGC 6946
• A COMPLETE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE MILKY WAY SATELLITE SEGUE 1: THE DARKEST GALAXY
• GROUND-BASED TRANSIT SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HOT-JUPITER WASP-19b IN THE NEAR-INFRARED
• FTS atlas of the Sun’s spectrally resolved center-to-limb variation
• RED SUPERGIANTS AS COSMIC ABUNDANCE PROBES: THE FIRST DIRECT METALLICITY DETERMINATION OF NGC 4038 IN THE ANTENNAE
• Abundance gradients in low surface brightness spirals: clues on the origin of common gradients in galactic discs
• The applicability of far-infrared fine-structure lines as star formation rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities and galaxy types
• Constraining galaxy cluster temperatures and redshifts with eROSITA survey data
• Planet transit and stellar granulation detection with interferometry
• Modelling element abundances in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation
• THE ORIGIN OF THE 6.4 keV LINE EMISSION AND H 2 IONIZATION IN THE DIFFUSE MOLECULAR GAS OF THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION
• Measuring the extent of convective cores in low-mass stars usingKeplerdata: toward a calibration of core overshooting
• Serendipitous discovery of the faint solar twin Inti 1
• THE HEAVY-ELEMENT MASSES OF EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS, REVEALED
• THE PHOTOEVAPORATIVE WIND FROM THE DISK OF TW Hya
• THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD
• Cool DZ white dwarfs in the SDSS
• LINE BROADENING AND THE SOLAR OPACITY PROBLEM
• Evolution of the Galaxy and the Birth of the Solar System: The Short-Lived Nuclides Connection
• THE SDSS-III APOGEE RADIAL VELOCITY SURVEY OF M DWARFS. I. DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY AND SCIENCE GOALS
• Molecular hydrogen controls the temperatures of flares on TRAPPIST-1
• Galactic and cosmic Type Ia supernova (SNIa) rates: is it possible to impose constraints on SNIa progenitors?
• SUZAKUOBSERVATIONS OF THE X-RAY BRIGHTEST FOSSIL GROUP ESO 3060170
• An investigation of the line of sight towards QSO PKS 0237−233★
• HD 140283: A STAR IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD THAT FORMED SHORTLY AFTER THE BIG BANG
• Advances in Global and Local Helioseismology: An Introductory Review
• Enrichment of Heavy Elements in the Red Giant S 15–19 in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Absorption-line systems in simulated galaxies fed by cold streams
• High-resolution elemental abundance analysis of the Hyades supercluster★
• THE SOLAR ENERGETIC BALANCE REVISITED BY YOUNG SOLAR ANALOGS, HELIOSEISMOLOGY, AND NEUTRINOS
• AGN feedback and iron enrichment in the powerful radio galaxy, 4C+55.16
• A 3% SOLUTION: DETERMINATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT WITH THEHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEAND WIDE FIELD CAMERA 3
• The first spectroscopic verification of an extragalactic classical chemically peculiar star★
• Strong XUV irradiation of the Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting the ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1
• Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation
• METAL-POOR STARS OBSERVED WITH THEMAGELLANTELESCOPE. III. NEW EXTREMELY AND ULTRA METAL-POOR STARS FROM SDSS/SEGUE AND INSIGHTS ON THE FORMATION OF ULTRA METAL-POOR STARS
• 3D MODEL ATMOSPHERES FOR EXTREMELY LOW-MASS WHITE DWARFS
• Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars: a window on AGB nucleosynthesis and binary evolution
• SUPERNOVA 2010as: THE LOWEST-VELOCITY MEMBER OF A FAMILY OF FLAT-VELOCITY TYPE IIb SUPERNOVAE
• THE LIFETIME OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN A LOW-METALLICITY ENVIRONMENT
• Multiple Stellar Populations and Their Evolution in Globular Clusters: A Nucleosynthesis Perspective
• The solar photospheric abundance of carbon
• Water isotopologues in the circumstellar envelopes of M-type AGB stars
• Observational signatures of past mass-exchange episodes in massive binaries: the case of LSS 3074
• Boron abundances in the Galactic disk
• Chemical interactions between Saturn’s atmosphere and its rings
• Late-time spectral line formation in Type IIb supernovae, with application to SN 1993J, SN 2008ax, and SN 2011dh
• CAPELLA (αAURIGAE) REVISITED: NEW BINARY ORBIT, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AND EVOLUTIONARY STATE
• Solar Neutrinos: Status and Prospects
• A New Generation of Standard Solar Models
• Solar neutrino flux at keV energies
• Introducing STARDIS: An Open and Modular Stellar Spectral Synthesis Code
• Model Choice Matters for Age Inference on the Red Giant Branch
• Tracing the Galactic Origins of Selected Four G-type Stars in the Solar Neighbourhood
• Time evolution of galaxy scaling relations in cosmological simulations
• SODIUM AND OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6791 FROM APOGEE H-BAND SPECTROSCOPY
• Measurement of the<mml:mrow/>8B solar neutrino flux with the KamLAND liquid scintillator detector
• Quasar 2175 Å dust absorbers – II. Correlation analysis and relationship with other absorption line systems
• New view on exoplanet transits
• Stellar models with self-consistent Rosseland opacities
• Characterizing circumgalactic gas around massive ellipticals atz≈ 0.4 – III. The galactic environment of a chemically pristine Lyman limit absorber
• Heavy-element yields and abundances of asymptotic giant branch models with a Small Magellanic Cloud metallicity
• The origin of the dust extinction curve in milky way-like galaxies
• CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES AND DUST IN THE HALO PLANETARY NEBULA K648 IN M15: ITS ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIWAVELENGTH DATA
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The evolution of radial metallicity profiles and global metallicities in disc galaxies
• X-ray confirmation of the intermediate polar IGR J16547-1916
• The Spatially Resolved Dust-to-metals Ratio in M101
• HST/WFPC2 imaging analysis and cloudy modelling of the multiple-shell planetary nebulae NGC 3242, NGC 6826, and NGC 7662
• Constraints on the presence of platinum and gold in the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo
• Water and methanol ice in L 1544
• Effect of low mass dark matter particles on the Sun
• DETECTING THE WARM-HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM THROUGH X-RAY ABSORPTION LINES
• Revealing Ionization Conditions of Sz 102 with Spatially Resolved [Ne III] Microjets
• Nonstandard models, solar neutrinos, and largeθ13
• Apsidal motion in the massive binary HD 152218
• Dust destruction by the reverse shock in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
• HOW ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS GALAXY METALLICITY THROUGH STRIPPING AND FORMATION HISTORY: LESSONS FROM THE ILLUSTRIS SIMULATION
• The GALAH Survey: non-LTE departure coefficients for large spectroscopic surveys
• Isotopic ratios in the red giant component of the recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. I. Spatially Resolved Mass Outflow Rates for the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Markarian 573∗†
• ON THE KINEMATIC SEPARATION OF FIELD AND CLUSTER STARS ACROSS THE BULGE GLOBULAR NGC 6528
• Benchmarking Dust Emission Models in M101
• Empirical estimates of the Galactic halo contribution to the dispersion measures of extragalactic fast radio bursts using X-ray absorption
• StarHorse: a Bayesian tool for determining stellar masses, ages, distances, and extinctions for field stars
• Fingerprints of giant planets in the photospheres of Herbig stars
• The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos
• Atmospheric NLTE models for the spectroscopic analysis of blue stars with winds
• Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs – II. Correlations between the IMF and global galaxy properties
• On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. II. A New ΔS Calibration to Estimate Their Metallicity*
• Evidence of a non-conservative mass transfer in the ultra-compact X-ray source XB 1916-053
• Down-the-barrel observations of a multi-phase quasar outflow at high redshift
• Absorption and emission features of 7Be ii in the outburst spectra of V838 Her (Nova Her 1991)
• Five-year optical and near-infrared observations of the extremely slow nova V1280 Scorpii
• Breaking the degeneracy between gas inflow and outflows with stellar metallicity: insights on M 101
• A minimum dilution scenario for supernovae and consequences for extremely metal-poor stars
• XSHOOTER spectroscopy of the enigmatic planetary nebula Lin49 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Leveraging HST with MUSE – I. Sodium abundance variations within the 2-Gyr-old cluster NGC 1978
• High Molecular Gas Masses in Absorption-selected Galaxies at z ≈ 2
• Cosmological Insights into the Early Accretion of r-process-enhanced Stars. I. A Comprehensive Chemodynamical Analysis of LAMOST J1109+0754
• On the impact of the structural surface effect on global stellar properties and asteroseismic analyses
• Creating and using large grids of precalculated model atmospheres for a rapid analysis of stellar spectra
• Near-infrared spectroscopy of M dwarfs. IV. A preliminary survey on the carbon isotopic ratio in M dwarfs*
• A Wideband Self-consistent Disk-averaged Spectrum of Jupiter Near 30 GHz and Its Implications for NH3 Saturation in the Upper Troposphere
• Models of very-low-mass stars, brown dwarfs and exoplanets
• Highly charged ions in a new era of high resolution X‐ray astrophysics
• Investigating surface correction relations for RGB stars
• Direct determination of the solar neutrino fluxes from solar neutrino data
• SOLAR ABUNDANCE CORRECTIONS DERIVED THROUGH THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOCONVECTION SIMULATIONS
• Sulfur Ice Astrochemistry: A Review of Laboratory Studies
• An abundance study of red-giant-branch stars in the Hercules dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• DETECTING GRAVITY MODES IN THE SOLAR 8 B NEUTRINO FLUX
• Solar abundances and 3D model atmospheres
• Resolving a dusty, star-forming SHiZELS galaxy at z = 2.2 with HST, ALMA, and SINFONI on kiloparsec scales
• Low-metallicity Young Clusters in the Outer Galaxy. III. Sh 2-127
• The influence of photo-induced processes and charge transfer on carbon and oxygen in the lower solar atmosphere
• 20 yr of observations of PM 1-188: its chemical abundances and extraordinary kinematics
• CO-SPATIAL LONG-SLIT UV/OPTIC AL SPECTRA OF 10 GALACTIC PLANETARY NEBULAE WITHHST/STIS. I. DESCRIPTION OF THE OBSERVATIONS, GLOBAL EMISSION-LINE MEASUREMENTS, AND CNO ABUNDANCES
• Interstellar chemistry of nitrogen hydrides in dark clouds
• Mass and p-factor of the Type II Cepheid OGLE-LMC-T2CEP-098 in a Binary System∗
• The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-enhanced R-II Star Known
• Alpha element abundances and gradients in the Milky Way bulge from FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra of 650 K giants
• A RARE EARLY-TYPE STAR REVEALED IN THE WING OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD
• Element Abundance Ratios in the Quiet Sun Transition Region
• The Eddington factor as the key to understand the winds of the most massive stars. Evidence for a Γ-dependence of Wolf-Rayet type mass loss
• Spatially Resolved Gas Flows Around the Milky Way
• Outer regions of the merging system Arp 270★
• NON-LTE ANALYSIS OF NEUTRAL COPPER IN LATE-TYPE METAL-POOR STARS
• Shallow extra mixing in solar twins inferred from Be abundances
• H II REGION METALLICITY CONSTRAINTS NEAR THE SITE OF THE STRONGLY LENSED SUPERNOVA “SN REFSDAL” AT REDSHIFT 1.49
• Wind inhibition by X-ray irradiation in HMXBs: the influence of clumping and the final X-ray luminosity
• MOVES – IV. Modelling the influence of stellar XUV-flux, cosmic rays, and stellar energetic particles on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b
• 129 I and 247 Cm in meteorites constrain the last astrophysical source of solar r-process elements
• A constraint on light primordial black holes from the interstellar medium temperature
• Fundamental parameters and abundance analysis of the components in the SB2 system HD 60803
• Quantitative comparison of opacities calculated using the R-matrix and distorted-wave methods: Fe xvii
• Nuclear astrophysics: the unfinished quest for the origin of the elements
• Asteroseismic modelling of solar-type stars: internal systematics from input physics and surface correction methods
• The metals-to-dust ratio to very low metallicities using GRB and QSO absorbers; extremely rapid dust formation
• Observational signatures of a warped disk associated with cold-flow accretion
• Intermediate-mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars and Sources of 26Al, 60Fe, 107Pd, and 182Hf in the Solar System
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Nature, ISM properties, and ionizing spectra of CIII]λ1909 emitters at z = 2–4
• Infrared emission of z ∼ 6 galaxies: AGN imprints
• Planet population synthesis driven by pebble accretion in cluster environments
• Sulfur Chemistry in Protoplanetary Disks: CS and H2CS
• Global hot-star wind models for stars from Magellanic Clouds
• Multidimensional realistic modelling of Cepheid-like variables – II. Analysis of a Cepheid model
• A white dwarf accreting planetary material determined from X-ray observations
• Implications of the Large O vi Columns around Low-redshift L∗ Galaxies
• Revisiting the Integrated Star Formation Law. I. Non-starbursting Galaxies
• AGN feedback in galaxy group 3C 88: cavities, shock, and jet reorientation
• The effects of the initial mass function on Galactic chemical enrichment
• THERMAL PRESSURES IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS*
• The astrophysical consequences of intervening galaxy gas on fast radio bursts
• The host of the Type I SLSN 2017egm: A young, sub-solar metallicity environment in a massive spiral galaxy
• Preliminary Evidence That Protoplanetary Disks Eject More Mass Than They\n Retain
• THE OLD, SUPER-METAL-RICH OPEN CLUSTER, NGC 6791—ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES IN TURN-OFF STARS FROM KECK/HIRES SPECTRA
• THE κ ANDROMEDAE SYSTEM: NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE COMPANION MASS, SYSTEM AGE, AND FURTHER MULTIPLICITY
• Chemical evolution with rotating massive star yields – I. The solar neighbourhood and the s-process elements
• Theoretical uncertainties on the radius of low- and very-low-mass stars
• The First Retrieval of a Substellar Subdwarf: A Cloud-free SDSS J125637.13–022452.4
• Determining the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of the Pre-solar Nebula from Genesis Data Analysis: The Case of Oxygen
• SN 2018hti: a nearby superluminous supernova discovered in a metal-poor galaxy
• METAL ABUNDANCES, RADIAL VELOCITIES, AND OTHER PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE RR LYRAE STARS IN THEKEPLERFIELD
• New X-ray detections of known Wolf–Rayet stars
• Thorough characterisation of the 16 Cygni system
• Masses, oxygen, and carbon abundances in CHEPS dwarf stars
• Consistently Simulating a Wide Range of Atmospheric Scenarios for K2-18b with a Flexible Radiative Transfer Module
• EXPLORING THE OVERABUNDANCE OF ULXs IN METAL- AND DUST-POOR LOCAL LYMAN BREAK ANALOGS
• A SIMPLE SCHEME TO IMPLEMENT A NONLOCAL TURBULENT CONVECTION MODEL FOR CONVECTIVE OVERSHOOT MIXING
• The mass budget necessary to explain ‘Oumuamua as a nitrogen iceberg
• Cosmological implications of the anisotropy of ten galaxy cluster scaling relations
• A study of low-metallicity DLAs at high redshift and C ii* as a probe of their physical conditions★
• Oxygen lines in solar granulation
• Oxygen lines in solar granulation
• GARROTXA COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS OF MILKY WAY-SIZED GALAXIES: GENERAL PROPERTIES, HOT-GAS DISTRIBUTION, AND MISSING BARYONS
• Atmospheric parameters and carbon abundance for hot DB white dwarfs
• Investigating the observational properties of Type Ib supernova SN 2017iro
• Constraints on interstellar dust models from extinction and spectro-polarimetry
• Planetary candidates transiting cool dwarf stars from campaigns 12 to 15 of K2
• The “FIP Effect” and the Origins of Solar Energetic Particles and of the Solar Wind
• Chemical enrichment of the planet-forming region as probed by accretion
• Discovery of an X-Ray Quasar Wind Driving the Cold Gas Outflow in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS F05189-2524
• Physical properties of the fluorine and neutron-capture element-rich PN Jonckheere 900
• An improved parametric method for evaluating radiative accelerations in stellar interiors
• The COSMOS2015 galaxy stellar mass function - Thirteen billion years of stellar mass assembly in ten snapshots
• THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF WOLF–RAYET STARS IN EMERGING MASSIVE STAR CLUSTERS
• Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings Spectra of V3890 Sgr
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Stellar abundance of binary stars: their role in determining the formation location of super-Earths and ice giants
• Extremely Metal-poor Representatives Explored by the Subaru Survey (EMPRESS). I. A Successful Machine-learning Selection of Metal-poor Galaxies and the Discovery of a Galaxy with M* < 106 M⊙ and 0.016 Z⊙*†‡
• LYRA I: Simulating the multi-phase ISM of a dwarf galaxy with variable energy supernovae from individual stars
• Solar constraints on hidden photons re-visited
• Particle-physics constraints from the globular cluster M5: neutrino dipole moments
• A comparison between X-shooter spectra and PHOENIX models across the HR-diagram
• Investigating AGN feedback in Hα-luminous galaxy clusters: First Chandra X-ray analysis of Abell 2009
• Black Hole Survival Guide: Searching for Stars in the Galactic Center That Endure Partial Tidal Disruption
• GASP XXXIV: Unfolding the Thermal Side of Ram Pressure Stripping in the Jellyfish Galaxy JO201
• Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of the very early O supergiant HD 93129A: constraints on wind shocks and the mass-loss rate
• Chemodynamics of green pea galaxies – I. Outflows and turbulence driving the escape of ionizing photons and chemical enrichment
• Using realistic host galaxy metallicities to improve the GRB X-ray equivalent total hydrogen column density and constrain the intergalactic medium density
• Observational identification of a sample of likely recent common-envelope events
• Analysis of absorption lines in the high-resolution spectra of five hot post-AGB candidates
• Constraining planet structure and composition from stellar chemistry: trends in different stellar populations
• Star formation in the outskirts of DDO 154: a top-light IMF in a nearly dormant disc
• Astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas: introduction and overview
• HEAVY-ELEMENT DISPERSION IN THE METAL-POOR GLOBULAR CLUSTER M92
• Core-collapse supernovae in binaries as the origin of galactic hyper-runaway stars
• Principal component analysis on chemical abundances spaces
• The impact of pre-main sequence stellar evolution on mid-plane snowline locations and C/O in planet forming discs
• Evidence for galaxy quenching in the green valley caused by a lack of a circumgalactic medium
• Quasi-equilibrium models of high-redshift disc galaxy evolution
• V772 Cas: an ellipsoidal HgMn star in an eclipsing binary
• On the relationship between metallicity distributions of globular clusters and of circumgalactic gas
• Electron-impact excitation of diatomic hydride cations II: OH+ and SH+
• Modelling stars with Gaussian Process Regression: augmenting stellar model grid
• Asteroseismic Modeling of Gravity Modes in Slowly Rotating A/F Stars with Radiative Levitation
• Spectropolarimetric follow-up of 8 rapidly rotating, X-ray bright FK Comae candidates
• An Increase in Small-planet Occurrence with Metallicity for Late-type Dwarf Stars in the Kepler Field and Its Implications for Planet Formation
• DETECTION OF ELEMENTS AT ALL THREEr-PROCESS PEAKS IN THE METAL-POOR STAR HD 160617,,
• Gas-to-dust mass ratios in local galaxies over a 2 dex metallicity range
• DETAILED ABUNDANCES OF PLANET-HOSTING WIDE BINARIES. I. DID PLANET FORMATION IMPRINT CHEMICAL SIGNATURES IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF HD 20782/81?
• Zinc abundances of planetary nebulae
• Seimei KOOLS-IFU Mapping of the Gas and Dust Distributions in Galactic Planetary Nebulae: the Case of IC2165
• Cosmic evolution and metal aversion in superluminous supernova host galaxies
• Partly burnt runaway stellar remnants from peculiar thermonuclear supernovae
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux
• Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream Using Optical Emission
• Stellar Evolution and Modelling Stars
• Constraining convective regions with asteroseismic linear structural inversions
• High [O iii]/[C ii] surface brightness ratios trace early starburst galaxies
• The Collimated Propagation Causes of Astrophysical and Laboratory Jets
• Nucleosynthesis Constraints on the Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae
• Early formation of carbon monoxide in the Centaurus A supernova SN 2016adj
• X-ray and optical spectroscopy of the massive young open cluster IC 1805
• The nature of the light variability of magnetic Of?p star HD 191612
• FITspec: A New Algorithm for the Automated Fit of Synthetic Stellar Spectra for OB Stars
• THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS, METALLICITY AND METAL ABUNDANCE RATIOS IN A HIGHLY MAGNIFIED GALAXY ATz= 3.6252
• Phosphorus-bearing molecules in solar-type star-forming regions: first PO detection
• A Metallicity Study of F, G, K, and M Dwarfs in the Coma Berenices Open Cluster from the APOGEE Survey
• The extreme properties of the nearby hyper-Eddington accreting active galactic nucleus in IRAS 04416+1215
• THE DISTANCES TO OPEN CLUSTERS FROM MAIN-SEQUENCE FITTING. V. EXTENSION OF COLOR CALIBRATION AND TEST USING COOL AND METAL-RICH STARS IN NGC 6791
• Internal rotation of 13 low-mass low-luminosity red giants in theKeplerfield
• The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189 b seen by CHEOPS
• A Deep Exposure in High Resolution X-Rays Reveals the Hottest Plasma in the ζ Puppis Wind
• Composite stellar populations and element by element abundances in the Milky Way bulge and elliptical galaxies
• On the chemistry of the young massive protostellar core NGC 2264 CMM3
• IMPACT OF THE LOW SOLAR ABUNDANCE ON THE AGES OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
• Possible Indication of Momentum-Dependent Asymmetric Dark Matter in the Sun
• Chemical Compositions of Field and Globular Cluster RR Lyrae Stars. I. NGC 3201∗
• H2, CO, and Dust Absorption through Cold Molecular Clouds
• THE IONIZED GAS IN NEARBY GALAXIES AS TRACED BY THE 122 AND 205 μm TRANSITIONS
• BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF COSMIC RAY PROPAGATION: EVIDENCE AGAINST HOMOGENEOUS DIFFUSION
• The VANDELS survey: global properties of CIII]λ1908Å emitting star-forming galaxies at z∼3
• G64-12 AND G64-37 ARE CARBON-ENHANCED METAL-POOR STARS
• A quantitative NLTE analysis of visual and ultraviolet spectra of four helium-rich subdwarf O stars
• Stars Stripped in Binaries: The Living Gravitational-wave Sources
• The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). II. Discovery of an H2-bearing DLA in the Vicinity of an Early-type Galaxy at z = 0.576*
• A Self-consistent Framework for Multiline Modeling in Line Intensity Mapping Experiments
• Annihilation of NMSSM neutralinos in the Sun and neutrino telescope limits
• Neptune's Latitudinal Variations as Viewed with ALMA
• Effective Temperatures of Low-mass Stars from High-resolution H-band Spectroscopy
• Infrared dust arcs around stars – I. Effect of the radiation pressure
• The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties on the Evolution of Core-collapse Supernova Progenitors
• The Peculiar Chemical Pattern of the WASP-160 Binary System: Signatures of Planetary Formation and Evolution?
• The Role of C/O in Nitrile Astrochemistry in PDRs and Planet-forming Disks
• Lyα ESCAPE FROMz∼ 0.03 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: THE DOMINANT ROLE OF OUTFLOWS
• Dual Effects of Ram Pressure on Star Formation in Multiphase Disk Galaxies with Strong Stellar Feedback
• The evolution of planetary nebulae
• Incorporating astrochemistry into molecular line modelling via emulation
• High-resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Stars in the Sylgr Stellar Stream*
• Complex Organic Molecules in Star-Forming Regions of the Magellanic Clouds
• Comparative high-resolution spectroscopy of M dwarfs: Exploring non-LTE effects
• Scaling relations and baryonic cycling in local star-forming galaxies
• Tango of celestial dancers: A sample of detached eclipsing binary systems containingg-mode pulsating components
• Impact of massive binary star and cosmic evolution on gravitational wave observations I: black hole–neutron star mergers
• V1369 Cen High-resolution Panchromatic Late Nebular Spectra in the Context of a Unified Picture for Nova Ejecta
• X-Ray Scaling Relations for a Representative Sample of Planck-selected Clusters Observed with XMM-Newton
• Spectroscopic Determination of Stellar Parameters and Oxygen Abundances for Hyades/Field G–K Dwarfs
• AGC 226178 and NGVS 3543: Two deceptive dwarfs towards Virgo
• Probing the interstellar dust towards the Galactic Centre: dust-scattering halo around AX J1745.6−2901
• Deriving model-based Te-consistent chemical abundances in ionized gaseous nebulae
• Superluminous supernova progenitors have a half-solar metallicity threshold
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the drivers of gas and stellar metallicity differences in galaxies
• Unequivocal detection of the tidal deformation of a red giant in a binary system via interferometry
• MESA Models with Magnetic Braking
• HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEOBSERVATIONS OF SUB-DAMPED LyαABSORBERS ATz< 0.5, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GALAXY CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
• STELLAR MASS–GAS-PHASE METALLICITY RELATION AT 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 0.7: A POWER LAW WITH INCREASING SCATTER TOWARD THE LOW-MASS REGIME
• The Implications of 3D Thermal Structure on 1D Atmospheric Retrieval
• The kiloparsec-scale gas kinematics in two star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.47 seen with ALMA and VLT-SINFONI
• PROBING THE ROLE OF CARBON IN THE INTERSTELLAR ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION
• Probing the physical properties of the intergalactic medium using gamma-ray bursts
• Spectroscopic and asteroseismic analysis of the remarkable main-sequence A star KIC 11145123
• THE UBIQUITY OF THE RAPID NEUTRON-CAPTURE PROCESS*
• New PARSEC evolutionary tracks of massive stars at low metallicity: testing canonical stellar evolution in nearby star-forming dwarf galaxies
• Carbon, isotopic ratio 12C/13C, and nitrogen in solar twins: constraints for the chemical evolution of the local disc
• DY Pegasi: An SX Phoenicis Star in a Binary System with an Evolved Companion
• OPTICAL IFU OBSERVATIONS OF THE BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXY NGC 4696: THE CASE FOR A MINOR MERGER AND SHOCK-EXCITED FILAMENTS
• The R-Process Alliance: Discovery of the First Metal-poor Star with a Combined r- and s-process Element Signature*
• Asteroseismic Investigations of the Binary System HD 176465
• Spectroscopy of superluminous supernova host galaxies. A preference of hydrogen-poor events for extreme emission line galaxies
• Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses of the flux ratios of B, Be and Li with the DRAGON2 code
• On the X-Ray Spectral Energy Distributions of Star-forming Galaxies: The 0.3–30 keV Spectrum of the Low-metallicity Starburst Galaxy VV 114
• The very young resolved stellar populations around stripped-envelope supernovae
• Observations of SN 2017ein Reveal Shock Breakout Emission and a Massive Progenitor Star for a Type Ic Supernova
• Axion astrophysics
• The COS Absorption Survey of Baryon Harbors (CASBaH): Warm–Hot Circumgalactic Gas Reservoirs Traced by Ne viii Absorption
• From interstellar abundances to grain composition: the major dust constituents Mg, Si, and Fe
• THE EXTREMELY RED, YOUNG L DWARF PSO J318.5338–22.8603: A FREE-FLOATING PLANETARY-MASS ANALOG TO DIRECTLY IMAGED YOUNG GAS-GIANT PLANETS
• Density Conversion between 1D and 3D Stellar Models with 1DMESA2HYDRO3D
• Solar Wind Helium Abundance Heralds Solar Cycle Onset
• THE MAGELLAN PFS PLANET SEARCH PROGRAM: RADIAL VELOCITY AND STELLAR ABUNDANCE ANALYSES OF THE 360 au, METAL-POOR BINARY “TWINS” HD 133131A & B*
• DISCOVERY OF RAPIDLY MOVING PARTIAL X-RAY ABSORBERS WITHIN GAMMA CASSIOPEIAE
• A NEW PRESCRIPTION FOR THE MASS-LOSS RATES OF WC AND WO STARS
• A self-consistent, absolute isochronal age scale for young moving groups in the solar neighbourhood
• HORuS transmission spectroscopy of 55 Cnc e
• Very regular high-frequency pulsation modes in young intermediate-mass stars
• Weak CS emission in an extremely metal-poor galaxy DDO 70
• The Effect of Jupiter's Formation on the Distribution of Refractory Elements and Inclusions in Meteorites
• The Chemical Homogeneity of Sun-like Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• NOEMA Observations of a Molecular Cloud in the Low-metallicity Galaxy Kiso 5639
• Binary evolution leading to the formation of the very massive neutron star in the J0740+6620 binary system
• Evolutionary history of four binary blue stragglers from the globular clustersωCen, M 55, 47 Tuc, and NGC 6752
• The Herschel exploitation of local galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) – V. Strengthening the case for substantial interstellar grain growth
• The Contour Method: a New Approach to Finding Modes of Nonadiabatic Stellar Pulsations
• THE 7Be ii RESONANCE LINES IN TWO CLASSICAL NOVAE V5668 SGR AND V2944 OPH
• Acoustic-gravity wave propagation characteristics in three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere
• Targeting Bright Metal-poor Stars in the Disk and Halo Systems of the Galaxy
• Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe
• Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Substructures of M31. II. The Extended Sample and a Comparison Study with the Outer-disk Group*
• PROPERTIES OF A POLAR CORONAL HOLE DURING THE SOLAR MINIMUM IN 2007
• The EUV spectrum of the Sun: Quiet- and active-Sun irradiances and chemical composition
• Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries
• Refined Telluric Absorption Correction for Low-resolution Ground-based Spectroscopy: Resolution and Radial Velocity Effects in the O2 A-band for Exoplanets and K i Emission Lines
• The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey
• ON LITHIUM-RICH RED GIANTS. I. ENGULFMENT OF SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS
• The formation of barium giants via mass accretion in binary systems
• Asteroseismic modelling of the subgiant μ Herculis using SONG data: lifting the degeneracy between age and model input parameters
• Helium Enhancement in the Metal-rich Red Giants of ω Centauri
• The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs
• Axion spectra and the associated x-ray spectra of low-mass stars
• Oxygen-rich dust production in IC 10
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
• Solar oxygen abundance
• Spatially resolved measurements of the solar photospheric oxygen abundance
• Observational signatures of past mass-exchange episodes in massive binaries: The case of HD 149 404
• Resolving the Dust-to-Metals Ratio and CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor in the Nearby Universe
• Influence of Radiative Pumping on the HD Rotational Level Populations in Diffuse Molecular Clouds of the Interstellar Medium
• The Mass–Metallicity Relation at z ≃ 8: Direct-method Metallicity Constraints and Near-future Prospects
• The most metal-rich asymptotic giant branch stars
• Galaxy and mass assembly (GAMA): the inferred mass–metallicity relation from z = 0 to 3.5 via forensic SED fitting
• Stellar photospheric abundances as a probe of discs and planets
• An Overview of the Dwarf Galaxy Survey
• SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET DUST ATTENUATION CURVE AT z ∼ 3*
• Spatially resolved galactic wind in lensed galaxy RCSGA 032727-132609
• Survey of non-linear hydrodynamic models of type-II Cepheids
• X-ray spectroscopy of the γ-ray brightest nova V906 Car (ASASSN-18fv)
• Seeding the second star – II. CEMP star formation enriched from faint supernovae
• Formation of planetary populations – III. Core composition and atmospheric evaporation
• Nature of the DLA towards Q 0528−250: High pressure and strong UV field revealed by excitation of C i, H2, and Si ii
• Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability
• The Chemical Evolution of Galaxies
• A new look into the atmospheric composition of WASP-39 b
• Synthesis of actinides and short-lived radionuclides during i-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars
• Spectroscopic Studies of Extremely Metal‐poor Stars with the Subaru High‐Dispersion Spectrograph. IV. The α‐Element–Enhanced Metal‐poor Star BS 16934−002
• Constraining the mass and radius of neutron stars in globular clusters
• The Sun: Light Dark Matter and Sterile Neutrinos
• The Impact of Neutrino Magnetic Moments on the Evolution of the Helium Flash and Lithium-Rich Red Clump Stars
• THE INVISIBLE MAJORITY? EVOLUTION AND DETECTION OF OUTER PLANETARY SYSTEMS WITHOUT GAS GIANTS
• ABUNDANCE OF 26 Al AND 60 Fe IN EVOLVING GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS
• CALCIUM H & K INDUCED BY GALAXY HALOS
• STELLAR CORONAE, SOLAR FLARES: A DETAILED COMPARISON OF σ GEM, HR 1099, AND THE SUN IN HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAYS
• Spatiotemporal Low FIP Abundance: A Catalyst for Coronal Condensation
• First evidence of inertial modes in γ Doradus stars: The core rotation revealed
• SÍGAME Simulations of the , , and Line Emission from Star-forming Galaxies at
• Photometric Determination of the Mass Accretion Rates of Pre-main-sequence Stars. V. Recent Star Formation in the 30 Dor Nebula*
• Neon [wikipedia]

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