2022/05/04 by Peng Huang, Carter T. Butts · 1 voice · 26 citations
Social Sciences · #Demographic economics #Demography #Development economics #Economic geography #Economic growth #Economics #Geography #Internal migration #Law #Migration and Labor Dynamics #Migration, Refugees, and Integration #Political economy #Political science #Politics #Population #Sociology #Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies #Urbanization
paper · pdf · open access · doi:10.1177/00031224231212679
published in American Sociological Review 88(6), 1031-1065 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2023/11/23 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Despite the popular narrative that the United States is a “land of mobility,” the country may have become a “rooted America” after a decades-long decline in migration rates. This article interrogates the lingering question about the social forces that limit migration, with an empirical focus on internal migration in the United States. We propose a systemic, network model of migration flows, combining demographic, economic, political, and geographic factors and network dependence structures that reflect the internal dynamics of migration systems. Using valued temporal exponential-family random graph models, we model the network of intercounty migration flows from 2011 to 2015. Our analysis reveals a pattern of segmented immobility, where fewer people migrate between counties with dissimilar political contexts, levels of urbanization, and racial compositions. Probing our model using “knockout experiments” suggests one would have observed approximately 4.6 million (27 percent) more intercounty migrants each year were the segmented immobility mechanisms inoperative. This article offers a systemic view of internal migration and reveals the social and political cleavages that underlie geographic immobility in the United States.