Introduction to quantum noise, measurement, and amplification
2008/10/31 by A. A. Clerk, Aashish A. Clerk, M. H. Devoret +6 · 1,963 citations
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Computer science #Mechanical and Optical Resonators #Mesoscopic physics #Noise (video) #Open quantum system #Physics #Quantum #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum amplifier #Quantum and electron transport phenomena #Quantum error correction #Quantum imaging #Quantum information #Quantum limit #Quantum mechanics #Quantum metrology #Quantum network #Quantum noise #Quantum sensor #Quantum technology #cond-mat.mes-hall #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.1155
published in Reviews of Modern Physics 82(2), 1155-1208 (American Physical Society) · Substantial improvements over initial version; include supplemental appendices.
arxiv created 2010/04/15 · openalex publication_date 2010/04/15 · arxiv updated 2010/04/16 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Abstract
The topic of quantum noise has become extremely timely due to the rise of quantum information physics and the resulting interchange of ideas between the condensed matter and atomic, molecular, optical--quantum optics communities. This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the physics of quantum noise and its connections to quantum measurement and quantum amplification. After introducing quantum noise spectra and methods for their detection, the basics of weak continuous measurements are described. Particular attention is given to the treatment of the standard quantum limit on linear amplifiers and position detectors within a general linear-response framework. This approach is shown how it relates to the standard Haus-Caves quantum limit for a bosonic amplifier known in quantum optics and its application to the case of electrical circuits is illustrated, including mesoscopic detectors and resonant cavity detectors.
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