2025/09/30 by Akihiko Sekine, Ryo Murakami, Sekine, Akihiko +3 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Mechanical and Optical Resonators #Quantum #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum computer #Quantum information #Quantum network #Quantum sensor #Quantum technology #Qubit #Transduction (biophysics) #cond-mat.mes-hall #physics.app-ph #physics.optics #quant-ph
paper · pdf · open access · doi:10.1038/s44310-026-00130-8
published in npj Nanophotonics
openalex publication_date 2026/07/16 · openalex created_date 2026/07/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, is vital for realizing, e.g., quantum networks and distributed quantum computing. The microwave-to-optical quantum transduction is of interest in the field of superconducting quantum computing, since interconnecting dilution refrigerators is considered inevitable for realizing large-scale quantum computers with fault-tolerance. In this review, we overview recent theoretical and experimental studies on the quantum transduction between microwave and optical photons. We describe a generic theory for the quantum transduction employing the input-output formalism, from which the essential quantities characterizing the transduction, i.e., expressions for the transduction efficiency, added noise, and transduction bandwidth, are derived. We review major transduction methods that have been experimentally demonstrated, including the optomechanical, electro-optic, and ensemble-based transducers. We also briefly review recent experiments on the quantum transduction from superconducting qubit to optical photon, which is an important step toward quantum state transfer between distant superconducting qubits interconnected over optical fibers.