Chloroplast-derived photo-oxidative stress causes changes in H2O2 and E GSH in other subcellular compartments
2020/12/31 by José Manuel Ugalde, Philippe Fuchs, Thomas Nietzel +11 · 113 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Chemistry · #Antioxidant #Arabidopsis #Arabidopsis thaliana #Biochemistry #Biology #Biophysics #Cell biology #Chemistry #Chloroplast #Cytosol #Electron transport chain #Enzyme #Gene #Glutaredoxin #Glutathione #Mitochondrial Function and Pathology #Mitochondrial matrix #Mitochondrion #Oxidative stress #Photosynthesis #Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms #Reactive oxygen species #Redox #Redox biology and oxidative stress #Retrograde signaling
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/plphys/kiaa095
published in PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 186(1), 125-141 (Oxford University Press)
openalex publication_date 2020/12/31 · openalex created_date 2021/01/18 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
Metabolic fluctuations in chloroplasts and mitochondria can trigger retrograde signals to modify nuclear gene expression. Mobile signals likely to be involved are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can operate protein redox switches by oxidation of specific cysteine residues. Redox buffers, such as the highly reduced glutathione pool, serve as reservoirs of reducing power for several ROS-scavenging and ROS-induced damage repair pathways. Formation of glutathione disulfide and a shift of the glutathione redox potential (EGSH) toward less negative values is considered as hallmark of several stress conditions. Here we used the herbicide methyl viologen (MV) to generate ROS locally in chloroplasts of intact Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings and recorded dynamic changes in EGSH and H2O2 levels with the genetically encoded biosensors Grx1-roGFP2 (for EGSH) and roGFP2-Orp1 (for H2O2) targeted to chloroplasts, the cytosol, or mitochondria. Treatment of seedlings with MV caused rapid oxidation in chloroplasts and, subsequently, in the cytosol and mitochondria. MV-induced oxidation was significantly boosted by illumination with actinic light, and largely abolished by inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport. MV also induced autonomous oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix in an electron transport chain activity-dependent manner that was milder than the oxidation triggered in chloroplasts by the combination of MV and light. In vivo redox biosensing resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of compartmental responses to local ROS generation and provides a basis for understanding how compartment-specific redox dynamics might operate in retrograde signaling and stress acclimation in plants.
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