The Development and Validation of the Short Form of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale

2021/11/23 by ELOUISE BOTES, Elouise Botes, Jean‐Marc Dewaele +3 · 9 citations
Arts and Humanities · Social Sciences · #EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning #Multilingual Education and Policy #Second Language Learning and Teaching

paper · doi:10.1111/modl.12741

openalex publication_date 2021/11/23 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29

Abstract

Abstract We used a data set with n = 1,603 learners of foreign languages (FL) to develop and validate the short form of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (S‐FLES). The data was split into 2 groups, and we used the first sample to develop the short‐form measure. A 3‐factor hierarchical model of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) was uncovered, with FLE as a higher‐order factor and with teacher appreciation, personal enjoyment, and social enjoyment as 3 lower‐order factors. We selected 3 items for each of the 3 lower‐order factors of the S‐FLES. The proposed 9‐item S‐FLES was validated in the second sample, and the fit statistics for the factor structure indicated close fit. Further evidence was found to support the internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the S‐FLES. The S‐FLES provides a valid and reliable short‐form measure of FLE, which can easily be included in any battery of assessments examining individual differences in FL learning.

Citations

• Significance Test for Sphericity of a Normal n-Variate Distribution
• Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety
• The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

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• Does the attractiveness of K‐culture shape the enjoyment of foreign language learners of Korean?
• Modelling the predictive effect of enjoyment on willingness to communicate in a foreign language: the chain mediating role of growth mindset and grit
• Testing associations between global and specific levels of foreign language enjoyment and foreign language boredom: the moderator role of L2 savouring beliefs using bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling

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