2025/06/17 by Ombler, Mati
paper · doi:10.15158/6v2d-k385
The effective functioning of representative democracy has increasingly been challenged by transformations in global dynamics, governance structures, societal expectations, and human behaviour. In this evolving context, incidents of misconduct involving members of parliament have become more prominent, underlining the need for a comprehensive response that goes beyond law enforcement and the application of criminal sanctions. Strengthening and redefining the role of parliament and its members is a complex and continuous process. This article first outlines the broader challenges confronting legislative bodies and proposes reforms necessary for meaningful institutional change. It then addresses the issue of corruption involving members of parliament, for which traditional legal and institutional responses have proven insufficient. Central to the argument is the importance of integrating prevention- oriented approaches into parliamentary functioning, with a focus on ethical standards and proactive strategies. By prioritising prevention, political institutions can enhance their credibility, coherence, inclusivity, and public legitimacy. The article includes a case-based reflection on the Estonian parliament, highlighting the lack of an independent ethical oversight mechanism and the potential for institutional improvements through context-sensitive, integrity-driven measures. Thoughtful design and implementation of such frameworks may help avert or substantially reduce misconduct, particularly in politically fragile environments where ethical failures can jeopardise decision-making processes vital to democratic governance and national security.