2025/07/13 by Muhammad Kamran Saeed, Saeed, Muhammad Kamran, Ashfaq Khokhar +3
Engineering · #Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization #Antenna Design and Optimization #Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Information Theory (cs.IT) #Machine Learning (cs.LG) #Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) #Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.09627
openalex publication_date 2025/07/13 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Next-generation wireless technologies such as 6G aim to meet demanding requirements such as ultra-high data rates, low latency, and enhanced connectivity. Extremely Large-Scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) are key enablers, with XL-MIMO boosting spectral and energy efficiency through numerous antennas, and RIS offering dynamic control over the wireless environment via passive reflective elements. However, realizing their full potential depends on accurate Channel State Information (CSI). Recent advances in deep learning have facilitated efficient cascaded channel estimation. However, the scalability and practical deployment of existing estimation models in XL-MIMO systems remain limited. The growing number of antennas and RIS elements introduces a significant barrier to real-time and efficient channel estimation, drastically increasing data volume, escalating computational complexity, requiring advanced hardware, and resulting in substantial energy consumption. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight deep learning framework for efficient cascaded channel estimation in XL-MIMO systems, designed to minimize computational complexity and make it suitable for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Using spatial correlations in the channel, we introduce a patch-based training mechanism that reduces the dimensionality of input to patch-level representations while preserving essential information, allowing scalable training for large-scale systems. Simulation results under diverse conditions demonstrate that our framework significantly improves estimation accuracy and reduces computational complexity, regardless of the increasing number of antennas and RIS elements in XL-MIMO systems.