2024/12/31 by Ben Ali, M., Ayadi L, E, Ben Hamida +2
#Cardiopathies congénitales #Congenital heart defects #Newborn #Nouveau-né #Prevalence #Prévalence
paper · doi:10.71566/pist-rmp-194675
Background : Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defects. Despite considerable advances in means of diagnosis, their prevalence remains underrated in our country. This study aimed to determine prevalence and circumstances of diagnosis of CHD in newborns. Methods : A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at neonatalogy department of Charles Nicolle university hospital over a period of 6 years . All newborns with CHD were included. Other heart abnormalities (heart rhythm disorders, Cardiomyopathy, cardiac tumours. . . ) were excluded. Results : During study period, 105 cases of CHD were included out of 17613 total births. The total preva- lence of CHD was 5. 96‰. The diagnosis was made prenatally in 39 cases (37. 1%) and postnatally in 66 cases (62. 9%). Postnatal diagnosis was suspected because of symptoms (n=59). Forty-three newborns had immediate symptoms and sixteen developed secondarily clinical manifestations. The most common physical signs were respiratory distress (n=36) and cyanosis (n=15). CHD were simple (n=8, 78. 1%) and complex (n=23, 21. 9%). The main types of CHD were the isolated ventricular septal defect (n=27), isolated atrial septal defect (n=27), transposition of the great vessels (n=7) and patent arterial duct (n=7). CHD was critical in 58. 1% of cases (n=61). CHD was part of a malformative syndrome in 19 cases. There were mainly trisomy 21 (n=7), and trisomy 18 (n=4). Conclusions : Our study showed high prevalence of CHD with predominance of critical forms. Diagno- sis was mostly made after birth based on clinical symptoms. Improving the prognosis requires pre- natal diagnosis and rapid management of treatable CHD.