International Importations of Measles Virus into the United States During the Postelimination Era, 2001–2016
2018/12/04 by Adria D Lee, Adria D. Lee, Nakia Clemmons +4 · 23 citations
Medicine · Social Sciences · Immunology and Microbiology · #Virology and Viral Diseases #Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy #Immune responses and vaccinations
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy701
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000, measles cases and outbreaks continue to occur, resulting from importations of the disease from countries where it remains endemic. METHODS: We describe the epidemiology of international importations of measles virus into the United States during the postelimination era. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2016, 553 imported measles cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A median of 28 importations occurred each year (range: 18-80). The median age of imported case-patients was 18 years (range: 3 months-75 years); 87% were unvaccinated or had an unknown vaccination status. US residents (as opposed to foreign visitors) accounted for 62% of imported measles cases. Overall, 62% of all imported case-patients reported travel to countries in the Western Pacific and European Regions of the World Health Organization during their exposure periods. The number of measles importations from specific countries was related to the incidence of measles in and the volume of travel to and from the source country. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the importance of measles vaccination of US residents aged ≥6 months before international travel according to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations and supporting global measles elimination efforts.
Cited by
- Sustaining measles and rubella elimination through the Regional Monitoring and Re-Verification Commission in the Americas
- Measles importations by international travelers, GeoSentinel 2019–2025
- Spread of Measles in Europe and Implications for US Travelers. [europepmc]
- Using models to shape measles control and elimination strategies in low- and middle-income countries: A review of recent applications. [europepmc]
- Clinical Practices for Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination Among US Pediatric International Travelers. [europepmc]
- Measles Resurgence in Europe: Migrants and Travellers are not the Main Drivers. [europepmc]
- A Review of Measles Outbreak Cost Estimates From the United States in the Postelimination Era (2004-2017): Estimates by Perspective and Cost Type. [europepmc]
- Measles Virus Imported by International Traveler in Jiangsu Province of China, in 2018 and 2019. [europepmc]
- Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. [europepmc]
- Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak Associated with International Air Travel - California, March-April 2017. [europepmc]
- How adequate is measles surveillance in the United States? Investigations of measles-like illness, 2010-2017. [europepmc]
- Notes from the Field: Travel-Associated Measles in a Person Born Before 1957 - Pinellas County, Florida, 2019. [europepmc]
- Air Passenger Travel and International Surveillance Data Predict Spatiotemporal Variation in Measles Importations to the United States. [europepmc]
- Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children. [europepmc]
- Maintenance of Measles Elimination Status in the United States for 20 Years Despite Increasing Challenges. [europepmc]
- Utility of MF-non coding region for measles molecular surveillance during post-elimination phase, Spain, 2017-2020. [europepmc]
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Measles in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, from 1991 to 2022. [europepmc]
- Measles - United States, January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024. [europepmc]
- Infectious factors in myocarditis: a comprehensive review of common and rare pathogens. [europepmc]
- Sustaining measles and rubella elimination through the Regional Monitoring and Re-Verification Commission in the Americas. [europepmc]
- Assessing the Transmissibility and Outbreak Risk of Measles in the United States, 2024-2030. [europepmc]
- Measles Outbreaks and Implications for Patients Receiving Stem Cell or Cellular Therapies in Canada: Cell Therapy Transplant Canada (CTTC) Infectious Diseases Working Committee. [europepmc]
- Incidence and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Measles in the Republic of Korea Following Elimination Verification (2014-2025). [europepmc]
Related