2021/04/08 by Michail Mamalakis, Andrew J. Swift, Bart Vorselaars +6 · 6 citations
Computer Science · Engineering · Medicine · #Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications #Artificial intelligence #Artificial neural network #Benchmark (surveying) #COVID-19 diagnosis using AI #Cartography #Computer science #Convolutional neural network #Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) #Deep learning #Disease #Geography #Machine Learning in Healthcare #Machine learning #Medicine #Pipeline (software) #Pneumonia #Population #Transfer of learning #Tuberculosis #cs.CV #eess.IV
paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.102008
published in Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 94, 102008 (Elsevier BV)
arxiv created 2021/04/08 · openalex publication_date 2021/10/25 · arxiv updated 2021/11/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuing to have a significant effect on the well-being of the global population, thus increasing the demand for rapid testing, diagnosis, and treatment. As COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia, early diagnosis is essential for correct treatment, as well as to reduce the stress on the healthcare system. Along with COVID-19, other etiologies of pneumonia and Tuberculosis (TB) constitute additional challenges to the medical system. Pneumonia (viral as well as bacterial) kills about 2 million infants every year and is consistently estimated as one of the most important factor of childhood mortality (according to the World Health Organization). Chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans are the primary imaging modalities for diagnosing respiratory diseases. Although CT scans are the gold standard, they are more expensive, time consuming, and are associated with a small but significant dose of radiation. Hence, CXR have become more widespread as a first line investigation. In this regard, the objective of this work is to develop a new deep transfer learning pipeline, named DenResCov-19, to diagnose patients with COVID-19, pneumonia, TB or healthy based on CXR images. The pipeline consists of the existing DenseNet-121 and the ResNet-50 networks. Since the DenseNet and ResNet have orthogonal performances in some instances, in the proposed model we have created an extra layer with convolutional neural network (CNN) blocks to join these two models together to establish superior performance as compared to the two individual networks. This strategy can be applied universally in cases where two competing networks are observed. We have tested the performance of our proposed network on two-class (pneumonia and healthy), three-class (COVID-19 positive, healthy, and pneumonia), as well as four-class (COVID-19 positive, healthy, TB, and pneumonia) classification problems. We have validated that our proposed network has been able to successfully classify these lung-diseases on our four datasets and this is one of our novel findings. In particular, the AUC-ROC are 99.60, 96.51, 93.70, 96.40% and the F1 values are 98.21, 87.29, 76.09, 83.17% on our Dataset X-Ray 1, 2, 3, and 4 (DXR1, DXR2, DXR3, DXR4), respectively.