2022/11/02 by Julia Ware, Roman Hovorka · 1 citation
Medicine · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Engineering · Mathematics · #Diabetes Management and Research #Pancreatic function and diabetes #Microbial Inactivation Methods #Insulin delivery #Closed loop #Insulin #Field (mathematics) #State (computer science) #Loop (graph theory) #Computer science #Medicine #Control theory (sociology) #Internal medicine #Control engineering #Engineering #Diabetes mellitus #Mathematics #Endocrinology #Type 1 diabetes #Control (management)
paper · doi:10.1080/17434440.2022.2142556
openalex publication_date 2022/11/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
INTRODUCTION: Over the last five years, closed-loop insulin delivery systems have transitioned from research-only to real-life use. A number of systems have been commercialized and are increasingly used in clinical practice. Given the rapidity of new developments in the field, understanding the capabilities and key similarities and differences of current systems can be challenging. This review aims to provide an update on the state of the field of closed-loop insulin delivery systems, including emerging technologies. AREAS COVERED: We summarize key clinical safety and efficacy evidence of commercial and emerging insulin-only hybrid closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes. A literature search was conducted and clinical trials using closed-loop systems during free-living conditions were identified to report on safety and efficacy data. We comment on emerging technologies and adjuncts for closed-loop systems, as well as non-technological priorities in closed-loop insulin delivery. EXPERT OPINION: Commercial hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems are efficacious, consistently improving glycemic control when compared to standard therapy. Challenges remain in widespread adoption due to clinical inertia and the lack of resources to embrace technological developments by health care professionals.