The chaotic long-term X-ray variability of 4U 1705–44

2018/04/17 by Rebecca Phillipson, Rebecca A. Phillipson, Patricia T. Boyd +2
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Chemistry · Physics and Astronomy · #Artificial intelligence #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Binary number #Chaotic #Computer science #Duffing equation #Embedding #Molecular spectroscopy and chirality #Nonlinear system #Orbit (dynamics) #Phase (matter) #Phase space #Physics #Plant and animal studies #Quantum mechanics #Series (stratigraphy) #Sky #Space (punctuation) #Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies #Term (time) #astro-ph.HE #astro-ph.IM #astro-ph.SR

paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty970

published as R A Phillipson, P T Boyd, A P Smale, The chaotic long-term X-ray variability of 4U 1705-44, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 477, Issue 4, 11 July 2018, Pages 5220-5237 · 18 pages, 17 figures, Published to MNRAS

openalex publication_date 2018/04/17 · arxiv created 2018/09/17 · arxiv updated 2018/09/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

data provide a continuous time series over fifty times the length of the timescale of interest. Topological analysis can help us identify fingerprints in the phase-space of a system unique to its equations of motion. The Birman-Williams theorem postulates that if such fingerprints are the same between two systems, then their equations of motion must be closely related. The phase-space embedding of the source light curve shows a strong resemblance to the double-welled nonlinear Duffing oscillator. We explore a range of parameters for which the Duffing oscillator closely mirrors the time evolution of 4U1705-44. We extract low period, unstable periodic orbits from the 4U1705-44 and Duffing time series and compare their topological information. The Duffing and 4U1705-44 topological properties are identical, providing strong evidence that they share the same underlying template. This suggests that we can look to the Duffing equation to help guide the development of a physical model to describe the long-term X-ray variability of this and other similarly behaved X-ray binary systems.

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