The gut microbiome: a core regulator of metabolism
2022/12/02 by Shiho Fujisaka, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kazuyuki Tobe · 189 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · Neuroscience · #Actinobacteria #Bacteria #Bacteroidetes #Bioinformatics #Biology #Diet and metabolism studies #Dysbiosis #Firmicutes #Genetics #Gut flora #Gut microbiota and health #Immunology #Microbiology #Microbiome #Proteobacteria #Tryptophan and brain disorders
paper · pdf · doi:10.1530/joe-22-0111
published in Journal of Endocrinology 256(3) (Bioscientifica)
openalex publication_date 2022/12/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
The human body is inhabited by numerous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and each part has a unique microbial community structure. The gastrointestinal tract harbors approximately 100 trillion strains comprising more than 1000 bacterial species that maintain symbiotic relationships with the host. The gut microbiota consists mainly of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Of these, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes constitute 70-90% of the total abundance. Gut microbiota utilize nutrients ingested by the host, interact with other bacterial species, and help maintain healthy homeostasis in the host. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that a breakdown of the microbial structure and its functions, known as dysbiosis, is associated with the development of allergies, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and arteriosclerosis, among others. Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, also have a causal relationship with dysbiosis. The present review provides a brief overview of the general roles of the gut microbiota and their relationship with metabolic disorders.
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