vix.ing · top · new · best · stats · spec

An Empirical Approach to the Normality of π

2012/12/01 by David H. Bailey, Jonathan M. Borwein, Cristian S. Calude +3 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Mathematics · #semigroups and automata theory #Algorithms and Data Compression #Coding theory and cryptography #Normality #Local asymptotic normality #Mathematics #Asymptotic distribution #Poisson distribution #Normality test #Computation #Truncation (statistics) #Applied mathematics #Statistics #Algorithm #Statistical hypothesis testing #Estimator

paper · doi:10.1080/10586458.2012.665333

openalex publication_date 2012/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29

Abstract

Using the results of several extremely large recent computations [Yee and Kondo 11], we tested positively the normality of a prefix of roughly four trillion hexadecimal digits of π. This result was used by a Poisson process model of normality of π: in this model, it is extraordinarily unlikely that π is not asymptotically normal base 16, given the normality of its initial segment.

Citations

Cited by

Related