2017/03/01 by Jaehee Cho, Jun Hyuk Park, Jong Kyu Kim +1 · 2 citations
Physics and Astronomy · Engineering · #GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials #Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research #Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
paper · doi:10.1002/lpor.201600147
openalex publication_date 2017/03/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Abstract About twenty years ago, in the autumn of 1996, the first white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were offered for sale. These then‐new devices ushered in a new era in lighting by displacing lower‐efficiency conventional light sources including Edison's venerable incandescent lamp as well as the Hg‐discharge‐based fluorescent lamp. We review the history of the conception, improvement, and commercialization of the white LED. Early models of white LEDs already exceeded the efficiency of low‐wattage incandescent lamps, and extraordinary progress has been made during the last 20 years. The review also includes a discussion of advances in blue LED chips, device architecture, light extraction, and phosphors. Finally, we offer a brief outlook on opportunities provided by smart LED technology. image