2025/11/10 by Guillermo M. Redrado-Salvatierra, Alfonso Gago Calderón, Enrique Navarrete de Gálvez +1 · 1 voice
Physics and Astronomy · Engineering · #GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials #Advanced optical system design #Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
paper · doi:10.1080/15502724.2025.2569503
openalex publication_date 2025/11/10 · openalex created_date 2025/11/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/15
LEDs have become the preferred choice for street lighting design in outdoor locations due to their superior attributes in energy efficiency and long-term durability. In addition, LEDs are also useful for including an enhanced color rendering index sensation and customizable correlated color temperature (CCT). On the contrary, the emission of light in the blue spectrum is a major contributor to light pollution and has negative effects on several biological patterns overnight. This study presents an experimental analysis of LED systems employing distinct paradigms to reduce emissions in the blue spectrum: very low CCT White light or amber phosphor coatings (PC) LEDs with transparent secondary lenses, and standard PC White light LEDS with secondary blue-light filter lenses. The primary objective is to provide a detailed performance evaluation and practical guidance for selecting configurations that comply with international regulations and standards. The research includes an analysis of the light quality, performance, and efficiency of a large set of solutions and simulations of long-term degradation under ultraviolet exposure to assess the durability and sustainability of these technologies in environments subjected to direct solar radiation. The results reveal that LEDs with blue-light filters, although exhibiting initial reductions in energy efficiency, demonstrate higher light quality and superior resistance to UV-induced degradation compared to LEDs with transparent secondary lenses. The final selection should be based on a comprehensive understanding of both initial performance and long-term durability to optimize energy efficiency and sustainability, and minimize the negative biological effects of blue light in humans, plants, and animals and astronomical light pollution.