2001/12/01 by T. I. Gerasimova, Victor G. Corces · 159 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Biology #Bivalent chromatin #Cell biology #ChIA-PET #Chromatin #Chromatin remodeling #Enhancer #Gene #Genetics #Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics #Histone-modifying enzymes #Plant Molecular Biology Research #RNA Research and Splicing #Scaffold/matrix attachment region #Transcription (linguistics) #Transcription factor
paper · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.090349
published in Annual Review of Genetics 35(1), 193-208 (Annual Reviews)
openalex publication_date 2001/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/15
Chromatin boundaries and insulators are transcriptional regulatory elements that modulate interactions between enhancers and promoters and protect genes from silencing effects by the adjacent chromatin. Originally discovered in Drosophila, insulators have now been found in a variety of organisms, ranging from yeast to humans. They have been found interspersed with regulatory sequences in complex genes and at the boundaries between active and inactive chromatin. Insulators might modulate transcription by organizing the chromatin fiber within the nucleus through the establishment of higher-order domains of chromatin structure.