2013/10/31 by Marian Boguna, Marián Boguñá, Maksim Kitsak +1
Physics and Astronomy · #Classical mechanics #Complex Network Analysis Techniques #Cosmology #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark energy #Invariant (physics) #Lorentz covariance #Lorentz transformation #Mathematical physics #Metric expansion of space #Observable #Observer (physics) #Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence #Physics #Quantum #Quantum gravity #Quantum mechanics #Scale factor (cosmology) #Theoretical physics #Universe #astro-ph.CO #gr-qc #physics.soc-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093031
published as New J. Phys. 16, 093031 (2014)
openalex publication_date 2014/09/23 · arxiv created 2014/10/20 · arxiv updated 2014/10/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Networks often represent systems that do not have a long history of study in traditional fields of physics; albeit, there are some notable exceptions, such as energy landscapes and quantum gravity. Here, we consider networks that naturally arise in cosmology. Nodes in these networks are stationary observers uniformly distributed in an expanding open Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe with any scale factor and two observers are connected if one can causally influence the other. We show that these networks are growing Lorentz-invariant graphs with power-law distributions of node degrees. These networks encode maximum information about the observable universe available to a given observer.