Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law
2004/12/01 by M. E. J. Newman, MEJ Newman · 2 voices · 114 citations
Physics and Astronomy · Economics, Econometrics and Finance · #Complex Network Analysis Techniques #Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis #Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
paper · pdf · doi:10.1080/00107510500052444
Abstract
Many of the things that scientists measure have a typical size or “scale”—a typical value around which individual measurements are centred. A simple example would be the heights of human beings. Most adult human beings are about 180cm tall. There is some variation around this figure, notably depending on sex, but we never see people who are 10cm tall, or 500cm. To make this observation more quantitative, one can plot a histogram of people’s heights, as I have done in Fig. 1a. The figure shows the heights in centimetres of adult men in the United States measured between 1959 and 1962, and indeed the distribution is relatively narrow and peaked around 180cm. Another telling observation is the ratio of the heights of the tallest and shortest people.
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