General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation
1941/02/01 by Maurice A. Biot · 9,652 citations
Engineering · Mathematics · #Applied mathematics #Calculus (dental) #Computer science #Consolidation (business) #Economics #Engineering #Geology #Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics #Geotechnical engineering #Human settlement #Mathematical model #Mathematics #Porosity #Porous medium #Soil and Unsaturated Flow #Soil science #Soil water
paper · open access · doi:10.1063/1.1712886
published in Journal of Applied Physics 12(2), 155-164 (American Institute of Physics)
openalex publication_date 1941/02/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
The settlement of soils under load is caused by a phenomenon called consolidation, whose mechanism is known to be in many cases identical with the process of squeezing water out of an elastic porous medium. The mathematical physical consequences of this viewpoint are established in the present paper. The number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three-dimensional problems. Simple applications are treated as examples. The operational calculus is shown to be a powerful method of solution of consolidation problems.
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