The (2 + 1)-dimensional black hole

1995/06/29 by Steven Carlip, S Carlip · 23 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Black hole (networking) #Black hole thermodynamics #Event horizon #Extremal black hole #Gravitation #Hawking radiation #Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories #Rotating black hole #Spacetime #Virtual black hole #White hole #gr-qc #hep-th

paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/12/12/005

published as Class.Quant.Grav.12:2853-2880,1995 · LaTeX, 34 pages, 4 figures in separate file

arxiv created 1995/06/29 · openalex publication_date 1995/12/01 · arxiv updated 2010/04/28 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

I review the classical and quantum properties of the (2 + 1)-dimensional black hole of Bañados, Teitelboim and Zanelli. This solution of the Einstein field equations in three spacetime dimensions shares many of the characteristics of the Kerr black hole: it has an event horizon, an inner horizon, and an ergosphere; it occurs as an endpoint of gravitational collapse; it exhibits mass inflation; and it has a non-vanishing Hawking temperature and interesting thermodynamic properties. At the same time, its structure is simple enough to allow a number of exact computations, particularly in the quantum realm, that are impractical in 3 + 1 dimensions.

Citations

• O(d, d) TRANSFORMATIONS AND 3D BLACK HOLE
• Black hole in three-dimensional spacetime
• Stability of gravity with a cosmological constant
• Exact black string solutions in three dimensions
• String theory formulation of the three-dimensional black hole
• Statistical mechanics of the (2+1)-dimensional black hole
• Loop space representation of quantum general relativity
• 2 + 1 dimensional gravity as an exactly soluble system
• Universality and scaling in gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field
• Static Charged Black Holes in (2+1) Dimensional Dilaton Gravity
• Black Holes in Three Dimensional Topological Gravity
• Aspects of black hole quantum mechanics and thermodynamics in 2+1 dimensions
• Geometry of the 2+1 Black Hole
• Supersymmetry of the (2+1)-dimensional black holes
• Topologically massive gauge theories

Cited by

• Unified approach to the entropy of an extremal rotating BTZ black hole: Thin shells and horizon limits
• What we don't know about BTZ black hole entropy
• Conformal field theory, (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity and the BTZ black hole
• Horizons, Constraints, and Black Hole Entropy
• Dynamic black-hole entropy
• Dimension of quantum channel of radiation in pure Lovelock black holes
• Classical and quantum analysis of an Einstein-Scalar solution in 2 + 1 dimensions
• Selected Solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations: Their Role in General Relativity and Astrophysics
• Quantum Extremal Islands Made Easy, Part IV: Massive Black Holes on the Brane
• Accelerating branes and brane temperature
• Hamiltonian thermodynamics of the Reissner—Nordström—anti-de Sitter black hole
• Strings in a Time-Dependent Orbifold
• Quasinormal modes of the BTZ black hole under scalar perturbations with a non-minimal coupling: exact spectrum
• Entropy of three-dimensional black holes in string theory
• One-dimensional bosonization and the SYK model
• Near-horizon geometry and black holes in four dimensions
• Quasinormal modes of BTZ black hole and Hawking‐like radiation in graphene
• Thermodynamic structure of field equations near apparent horizon for radiating black holes
• Holography with a gravitational Chern-Simons term
• Information evolution in the interior of an axially symmetric BTZ black hole
• Charge conservation, entropy current and gravitation
• (2+1)-dimensional sonic black hole from a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate and its analog Hawking radiation
• Entropy in spin foam models: the statistical calculation