2008/04/30 by Azhar Iqbal, Taksu Cheon, Derek Abbott
Computer Science · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Computer science #EPR paradox #Hidden variable theory #Joint probability distribution #Mathematical economics #Mathematics #Outcome (game theory) #Physics #Probabilistic logic #Quantum #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Quantum computer #Quantum mechanics #Quantum network #Quantum pseudo-telepathy #Statistics #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2008.09.026
published as Physics Letters A 372 (2008), pp. 6564-6577 · 21 pages, one figure, revised in light of referees' comments, accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
arxiv created 2008/09/10 · openalex publication_date 2008/09/21 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
This paper extends our probabilistic framework for two-player quantum games to the mutliplayer case, while giving a unified perspective for both classical and quantum games. Considering joint probabilities in the standard Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPR-Bohm) setting for three observers, we use this setting in order to play general three-player non-cooperative symmetric games. We analyze how the peculiar non-factorizable joint probabilities provided by the EPR-Bohm setting can change the outcome of a game, while requiring that the quantum game attains a classical interpretation for factorizable joint probabilities. In this framework, our analysis of the three-player generalized Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) shows that the players can indeed escape from the classical outcome of the game, because of non-factorizable joint probabilities that the EPR setting can provide. This surprising result for three-player PD contrasts strikingly with our earlier result for two-player PD, played in the same framework, in which even non-factorizable joint probabilities do not result in escaping from the classical consequence of the game.