2001/02/01 by Alexander L. Fetter, Alexander Fetter, Anatoly A. Svidzinsky +1 · 2 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #Strong Light-Matter Interactions #cond-mat.stat-mech
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/13/12/201
published as J. Phys.: Condens. Matter v. 13, No 12, p. R135-R194 (2001). · 50 pages, 16 eps figures, a topical review written for Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
arxiv created 2001/02/01 · openalex publication_date 2001/03/14 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30
We review the theory of vortices in trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensates and compare theoretical predictions with existing experiments. Mean-field theory based on the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation describes the main features of the vortex states, and its predictions agree well with available experimental results. We discuss various properties of a single vortex, including its structure, energy, dynamics, normal modes, and stability, as well as vortex arrays. When the nonuniform condensate contains a vortex, the excitation spectrum includes unstable (`anomalous') mode(s) with negative frequency. Trap rotation shifts the normal-mode frequencies and can stabilize the vortex. We consider the effect of thermal quasiparticles on vortex normal modes as well as possible mechanisms for vortex dissipation. Vortex states in mixtures and spinor condensates are also discussed.