Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen

1998/09/30 by Dale G. Fried, T. C. Killian, Thomas C. Killian +5 · 31 citations
Chemistry · Physics and Astronomy · #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #Spectroscopy and Laser Applications #physics.atom-ph

paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.3811

Accepted for publication in PRL; 9 pages, 4 PostScript figures, ReVTeX. Updated discussion of degeneracy effects

arxiv created 1998/10/05 · openalex publication_date 1998/11/02 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01

Abstract

We report observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a trapped, dilute gas of atomic hydrogen. The condensate and normal gas are studied by two-photon spectroscopy of the 1S- 2S transition. Interactions among the atoms produce a shift of the resonance frequency proportional to density. The condensate is clearly distinguished by its large frequency shift. The peak condensate density is 4.8\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1.1\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10¹⁵cm^\ensuremath-3, corresponding to a condensate population of 10⁹ atoms. The BEC transition occurs at about T\phantom\rule0ex0ex=\phantom\rule0ex0ex50\ensuremathμK and n\phantom\rule0ex0ex=\phantom\rule0ex0ex1.8\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10¹⁴cm^\ensuremath-3.

Citations

• Modern Quantum Mechanics
• Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
• Cold Collision Frequency Shift of the1S-2STransition in Hydrogen
• Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions
• Possible "New" Quantum Systems
• Observation of Interference Between Two Bose Condensates
• Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms

Cited by

• Cold Collision Frequency Shift of the1S-2STransition in Hydrogen
• MAXIMUM OCCUPATION NUMBER FOR COMPOSITE BOSON STATES
• Theory of the cold collision frequency shift in 1S-2S spectroscopy of Bose-Einstein-condensed and non-condensed hydrogen
• Continuous quantum measurement of a Bose-Einstein condensate: A stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation
• Hirota method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an arbitrary linear time-dependent potential
• Intermittent Implosion and Pattern Formation of Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates with an Attractive Interaction
• On microscopic theory of spin- Bose–Einstein condensate in a magnetic field
• Sum rule for the optical spectrum of a trapped gas
• Optical Excitations in a Nonideal Bose Gas
• Collective dynamics of internal states in a Bose-Einstein gas
• Understanding the production of dual Bose-Einstein condensation with sympathetic cooling
• Reversible and irreversible evolution of a condensed bosonic gas
• The critical number of atoms in an attractive Bose–Einstein condensate on optical plus harmonic traps
• Mean-field model for the interference of matter–waves from a three-dimensional optical trap
• Metastable neon collisions: Anisotropy and scattering length
• Collapse dynamics of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
• Absorption Line Shape of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas
• Critical temperature and condensate fraction of the trapped interacting Bose gas with finite-size effects
• Formation of Atomic Tritium Clusters and Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Josephson Effects in Dilute Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Power laws and collapsing dynamics of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions
• Hyperfine spectra of trapped bosons in optical lattices
• Canonical statistics of trapped ideal and interacting Bose gases
• Simultaneous magneto-optical trapping of two lithium isotopes
• Loading a vapor-cell magneto-optic trap using light-induced atom desorption
• Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Bose–Einstein condensation dynamics in three dimensions by the pseudospectral and finite-difference methods
• Pair condensates produced in bosenovae
• Expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an atomic waveguide
• Bose-Einstein condensation of an ytterbium isotope
• Bose–Einstein condensate [wikipedia]