2016/01/28 by Günter Siegemund, Werner Schwertfeger, Andrew E. Feiring +5 · 1 citation
Chemistry · Environmental Science · Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics · #Fluorine in Organic Chemistry #Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds #Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
paper · doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349.pub2
openalex publication_date 2016/01/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production Processes 2.1. Substitution of Hydrogen 2.2. Halogen–Fluorine Exchange 2.3. Synthesis from Fluorinated Synthons 2.4. Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Unsaturated Bonds 2.5. Miscellaneous Methods 2.6. Purification and Analysis 3. Fluorinated Alkanes 3.1. Fluoroalkanes and Perfluoroalkanes 3.2. Chlorofluoroalkanes 3.3. Bromofluoroalkanes 3.4. Iodofluoroalkanes 4. Fluorinated Olefins 4.1. Tetrafluoroethylene 4.2. Hexafluoropropene 4.3. 1,1-Difluoroethylene 4.4. Monofluoroethylene 4.5. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene 4.6. 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-prop-1-ene 4.7. Chlorofluoroolefins 5. Fluorinated Alcohols 6. Fluorinated Ethers 6.1. Perfluoroethers 6.1.1. Low Molecular Mass Perfluoroethers 6.1.2. Perfluorinated Epoxides 6.1.3. High Molecular Mass Perfluoroethers 6.2. Perfluorovinyl Ethers 6.3. Partially Fluorinated Ethers 7. Fluorinated Ketones and Aldehydes 7.1. Fluoro- and Chlorofluoroacetones 7.2. Perhaloacetaldehydes 7.3. Fluorinated 1,3-Diketones 8. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids 8.1. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids 8.1.1. Fluorinated Acetic Acids 8.1.2. Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids 8.1.3. Fluorinated Dicarboxylic Acids 8.1.4. Tetrafluoroethylene - Perfluorovinyl Ether Copolymers with Carboxylic Acid Groups 8.2. Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids 8.2.1. Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Acids 8.2.2. Fluorinated Alkanedisulfonic Acids 8.2.3. Tetrafluoroethylene–Perfluorovinyl Ether Copolymers with Sulfonic Acid Groups 9. Fluorinated Tertiary Amines 10. Aromatic Compounds with Fluorinated Side-Chains 10.1. Properties 10.2. Production 10.3. Uses 11. Ring-Fluorinated Aromatic, Heterocyclic, and Polycyclic Compounds 11.1. Mono- and Difluoroaromatic Compounds 11.1.1. Properties 11.1.2. Production 11.1.3. Uses 11.2. Highly Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds 11.3. Perhaloaromatic Compounds 11.4. Fluorinated Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Compounds 11.4.1. Ring-Fluorinated Pyridines 11.4.2. Trifluoromethylpyridines 11.4.3. Fluoropyrimidines 11.4.4. Fluorotriazines 11.4.5. Polycyclic Fluoroaromatic Compounds 12. Economic Aspects 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health 13.1. Fluorinated Alkanes 13.2. Fluorinated Olefins 13.3. Fluorinated Alcohols 13.4. Fluorinated Ketones 13.5. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids 13.6. Other Classes