Animal-source foods for nutrition, environment and society: finding a balance

2025/02/06 by Stella Nordhagen · 1 voice
Environmental Science · Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Nursing · #Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact #Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability #Child Nutrition and Water Access

paper · doi:10.1017/s0029665125000096

openalex publication_date 2025/02/06 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/18

Abstract

While malnutrition (including both undernutrition and overweight/obesity and related non-communicable diseases) remains a persistent challenge in countries around the world, it is far from alone as a threat to human development and wellbeing - and is increasingly viewed as intersecting with climate change and environmental degradation. At the crossroads of these issues, animal-source foods (ASFs, including meat, fish, seafood, dairy and eggs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years, both for their role in diets and for their environmental impacts. Heated debate has focused on the potential benefits of reducing consumption of ASFs as well as the potential nutritional risks associated with this. ASF production also plays an important role in livelihoods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. ASFs are also central to many food cultures and traditions, highly valued by many consumers. As the issues associated with ASFs are intertwined, they must be considered jointly and with nuance. Given wide global ranges in ASF consumption, environmental footprints and malnutrition rates and types, considering equity (in terms of ASF consumption and production) is also critical. This review examines these complex issues, discussing ASFs from the perspectives of nutrition and health, environmental impacts, livelihoods and society, and equity. It also examines potential future options for reducing environmental impacts of ASFs.

Citations

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Discussions

• Animal-source foods play central roles in diets, with potential for reducing malnutrition, particularly among vulnerable populations. ASF production also plays an important role in livelihoods, and AS [bsky, 0 points, 1 comments]